Initial inventory of de sea slugs (Opisthobranchia and Sacoglossa) from the expedition Karubenthos , held in May 2012 in Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea)

              Rev. Acad. Canar. Cienc, Vol. XXIV, 153-182 (diciembre de 2012)
INITIAL INVENTORY OF THE SEA SLUGS
(OPISTHOBRANCHIA AND SACOGLOSSA) FROM THE
EXPEDITION KARUBENTHOS, HELD IN MAY 2012 IN
GUADELOUPE (LESSER ANTILLES, CARIBBEAN SEA)
Ortea J.', Espinosa, J.-, Caballer, M.' & Y. Buske^
' Departamento BOS, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Espafia
- Institute de Oceanologia, Avda. P n" 18406, E. 184 y 186, Playa, La Habana. Cuba
Email: espinosa@oceano.inf.cu
^ Centre de Oceanologia y Estudios Antarticos. IVIC. Ctra. Panamericana Km 11, Miranda, Venezuela
manuelcaballergutierrez@hotmail.com
"• Residence les Tuileries, entree Romane, Batiment B, Ap. 27 Rue des Ixoras, Martinique
ABSTRACT
A systematic inventory of the sea slugs collected during the expedition Karubenthos-
2012, in Guadeloupe island (Karukera), is herein presented. It includes a total of 1 17 species;
97 Opisthobranchia and 20 Sacoglossa; 85 of them are recorded for the first time. Previous
records of other species not collected in the campaign are added to the catalog, which includes
a total of 127 species, 42 of them illustrated. Additionally, a new species oi Dendrodohs
Ehrenberg, 183 1, is described and specimens ofParadoris indecora (Marcus, 1970) and three
different species of Doto Oken, 1815 collected for the first time in Guadeloupe, are studied
in detail: Doto awapa Ortea, 2001, Doro curere Ortea, 2001 and Doto torrelavega Ortea & Ca-baller,
2005.
Key words: MoUusca, Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa, Caribbean, Guadeloupe, Karu-benthos,
Inventory, new records, new species, Paradoris, Dendrodohs, Doto.
RESUMEN
Se presenta un inventario sistematico de 1 1 7 especies de babosas marinas, 97 Opisto-branquios
y 20 Sacoglosos, recolectadas durante la expedicion Karubenthos-2012, en la isla
de Guadalupe (Karukera), de las cuales, 85 se citan por primera vez. A las 117 especies in-ventariadas
se les ahaden las citas que ya existian en la literatura, para completar un catalogo
de 127 especies, 42 de ellas ilustradas. Adicionalmente, se describe una nueva especie de
Dendrodoris Ehrenberg, 1831, se estudian en detalle los animales de Paradoris mulciber
(Marcus, 1970) y de las tres especies de Doto Oken, 1815 recolectadas en la isla D. awapa
Ortea, 2001, D. curere Ortea, 2001 y D. torrelavega Ortea y Caballer, 2005.
Palabras claves: Mollusca, Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa, Caribe, Guadalupe, Karu-benthos,
inventario, nuevas citas, nueva especie, Paradoris, Dendrodoris, Doto.
153
1. INTRODUCTION
The taxonomic history of the fauna of sea slugs of Guadeloupe is brief. Only a few
species have his type locality on the island; a remarkable example is Lobiger souverbii P. Fis-cher,
1857, one of the most singular sacoglossa in the Atlantic. This species was recorded al-most
contemporaneously to its original description in Guadeloupe, as Elysia sp. by
DESHAYES [5], in a paper not very disseminated. This reference does not appear in compi-lation
works, such as the one published by MARCUS [16], whose checklist does not record
a single sea slug in Guadeloupe. However, DESHAYES [5] describes Polybranchia viridis
(Deshayes, 1857) in the archipelago, one of the largest known sacoglossa, and also the genus
Tridachia Deshayes, 1857, based on a specimen he wanted to dedicate to Schramm, the col-lector,
but did not wrote the specific epithet. Thus, MORCH [17] named it after the descrip-tion
oiElysia {Tridachia) crispata Morch, 1 863 (pp.40-41 ), which is actually the same species,
leaving the name Tridachia schrammi Morch, 1863 in the synonymy of Elysia crispata.
Records of sea slugs are also few and occasional throughout the nineteenth and twen-tieth
centuries, highlighting the species of cephalaspidea cited by D'ORBIGNY [6]: Acteocina
candei, Acteocina recta, Atys caribaeus, Cylichnella bidentata, Haminoea antillarum, Retusa
sulcata and Volvulella acuta, whose original descriptions were based on samples from Cuba
and other Caribbean locations, including Guadeloupe. Posteriorly, several specimens from
Guadeloupe were subsequently described as Haminoea guadaloupensis Sowerby, 1868, which
is actually synonymous to H. antillarum. DESHAYES [5] recorded Aplysia dactylomela Rang,
1828, as Aplysia schrammii Deshayes, 1857, and Aplysia cailleti Deshayes, 1857, synony-mous
to Aplysia brasiliana Rang, 1 828, that could in fact be Syphonota geographica (Adams
and Reeve, 1850) common in Guadeloupe. Furthennore, Deshayes makes the first reference
to a species that would be described later by MORCH [17], as Berthellinia quadridens, based
on specimens from St. Thomas. This island is the type locality of Aphelodoris antillensis
Bergh, 1879 and five other species of sea slugs, very common in the Caribbean, also described
by MORCH [17]: Oxynoe antillarum, Pleurobranchus areolatus, Platydoris angustipes, Den-drodoris
krebsii and Bornella calcarata, the latter with additional specimens from Guade-loupe.
All the rest are isolated records, BERGH [ 1 ] cites Phidiana lynceus, and HAMMAN
& FARMER [11] include a paratype from Guadeloupe in the original description of Plo-camopherus
pilatectus Hamman & Farmer, 1988.
In the late twentieth century, POINTIER & LAMY [26] cited 8 cephalaspidea from
Guadeloupe, six of them for the first time and an umbraculid, Umbraculum umbraculum (Light-foot,
1786), one of the largest sea slug in the Caribbean, with 30 cm long and more than 1 kg.
In the XXI century, VALDES, HAMMAN, BEHRENS & DUPONT [27] record 27
species of sea slugs from Guadeloupe, of which 1 8 are considered in this inventory, even
when they lacked bibliographic support or were based on photographs of the living animals
from the archipelago. Erroneous determinations of animals from Guadeloupe illustrated in
that book have not been considered, such as: Philinopsis bagaensis Ortea, Moro & Espinosa,
2007, figured as Philinopsis pusa (Marcus & Marcus, 1966).
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The material in which this inventory is based, was collected between May 1 st and May
28th, 2012. Two-hundred and seventy-two intensive field trips were carried out in 71 sampling
154
stations. Samples were obtained using the following methods: direct search, scraping, brush-ing,
underwater vacuum cleaning and dredging, from the shore to 258 m depth. All samples
were processed onshore; placed in trays for examination and selection of specimens in the
laboratory.
Of the total number of species in this inventory, 31 records pre\ious to this expedi-tion
are marked with an asterisk (*), which is missing in the 83 new records for Guade-loupe.
There are 10 species cited by other authors, which were not collected in this
campaign, these are underlined in the list, unnumbered. All species previously recorded are
followed by the corresponding bibliographic reference. Only the first locality where a
species was collected during Karubenthos-2012 is referred in this catalog. The original
name of the stations in French has been kept to avoid discrepancies with the general list of
stations of the expedition. Abbreviations: GCSM=Grand Cul de Sac Marin and PCSM=Petit
Cul de Sac Marin.
Tissue samples for molecular studies were taken in 90% of the species in the catalog.
3. SYSTEMATICS
SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES
(Species in alphabetical order within each genus)
Subclass OPISTOBRANCHIA
Order ARCHITECTIBR.\NCHIA
Family Apllstridae Gray. 1847
Genus Hyatina Schumacher, 1817
Hvdatina phvsis (Linnaeus, 1758) [26]
Genus Micromelo Pilsbr\', 1 895
Micromelo uitdatiis (Bruguiere, 1792) [26]
Family Acteomdae d'Orbigny, 1843
Genus Mysouffa Marcus, 1 974
* Mysouffa cumingii (A. Adams, 1855) [27]
G^nusJapouacteonJiUkx. 1956
* Japonacteon punctostriatus {CB. Adams) [27]
PCSM, dredging at -3 m.
Tete a 1" Anglais, rocky bottom, -23 m.
Order CEPHALASPIDEA
Family Bullidae Gray, 1827
Genus Bulla Linne, 1758
Bulla occidentalis A. Adams, 1850
* Bulla striata Bruguiere, 1792 [26]
Petite Anse, -5 m.
GCSM Banc-Frotte-ton-cul, -2 m.
Family Cylindrobullidae Thiele, 1931
Genus Cylindrobulla Fischer, 1857
* Cylindrobulla beauii P. Fischer, 1856 [27] PCSM, Ilet du Gosier, -6 m.
155
Family Haminoeoidae Pilsbry, 1865
Genus Haminoea Turton & Kingston, 1830
* Haminoea antillarum (d'Orbigny, 1841) [6] Port-Louis, -16 m.
* Haminoea elegans (Gray, 1825) [26] GCSM, ilet a Colas, -15 m.
Haminoea petiti (d'Orbigny, 1841) [26] Petite Anse, -5 m.
Haminoea succinea (Conrad, 1846) au large Anse a la Barque, -50 m.
Genus ^O'^Montfort, 1810
Atys alayoi Espinosa & Ortea, 2004 Les 3 arches (Port-Louis), rocky bottom, 16 m.
* Atys caribaeus (d'Orbigny, 1841) [6]' Pointe de I'Ermitage, rocky bottom, -11m.
Atys guildingi (Sowerby, 1869) GCSM, sandy bottom, -3 m.
Atys macandrewii E. A. Smith, 1872 Anse a la Barque, meadow of Halophila stipulacea.
* Atys riiseanus Morch, 1875 [26] Petite Anse, -5 m.
Atys sharpi Vanatta, 1901 GCSM, Ilet a Colas, -15m.
Family Philinidae Gray, 1850
Genus Philine Ascanius, 1 772
Philine caballeri Ortea, Espinosa & Moro, 2001 GCSM, outer slope, -23 m.
Family Aglajidae Pilsbry
GQmxs Aglaja Renier, 1807
Aglajafelis Marcus & Marcus, 1970 GCSM, sandy bottom, -3 m.
Genus Cheliijodura A. Adams, 1855
Chelidonura cubana Ortea & Martinez, 1997 Pointe a Lezard, rocky bottom, -12 m.
* Chelidonura hirundinina (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) [27] GCSM, sandy bottom, -3 m.
Chelidonura mariagordae Ortea, Espinosa & Moro, 2004 GCSM, sandy bottom, -1 m.
Genus Navanax Pilsbry, 1 895
* Navanax gemmatum (Morch, 1863) [27] Ilet Fortune, rocky intertidal
Genus Spinoaglaja Ortea, Moro & Espinosa, 2007
Spinoaglaja petra (Ev. Marcus, 1976) GCSM, Ilet a Colas, -15 m
Genus Philinopsis Pease, 1 860
Philinopsis bagaensis Ortea, Moro & Espinosa, 2007
Le Moule, mixed seagrass meadow, -1 m.
Family Cylichnidae H. & A. Adams, 1854
GQxms Acteocina Gray, 1847
* Acteocina candei (d'Orbigny, 1841) [6] Tete a T Anglais, rocky bottom, -21 m.
Acteocina lepta Woodring, 1928 Anse a la Barque, meadow of//, stipulacea, -14 m.
* Acteocina recta (d'Orbigny, 1841) [6] GCSM, coral seabed, -11m.
Genus Tornatina A. Adams, 1850
Tornatina liratispira E. A. Smith, 1872 GCSM, outer slope, coral seabed, -11m.
Genus Cylichnella Gabb, 1873
* Cylichnella bidentata (d'Orbigny, 1841) [6]
GCSM, au large de Fajou, coral seabed, -22 m.
' In POINTIER & LAMY [26] the names A. riseanus and A. caribaeus are inverted in relation to the images on the
page 166.
156
Genus Scaphander Montfort. 1 S 1
8
* Scaphander natsoni Da\U 1881 [26]
Family Gastropteridae Swainson, 1840
Genus Gastroptewn Meckel in Kosse, 1813
Gastropteron vespertilio Gosliner & Armes, 1984
Family Retusidae Thiele. 1925
Genus Retusa Brown. 1827
* Retusa sulcata (d'Orbigny, 1841) [6]
Genus Pyrunculus Pilsbry, 1895
Pyrunculus caelatus (Bush, 1885)
Genus Iblvulella NqwIou, 1891
Volvulella permisibilis (Morch, 1875)
Volvulella ischnatracta (Pilsbry, 1930)
Order RUNCINACEA
Port-Louis, -80 m.
Sud Port-Louis, dredging. -4 m.
Anse a la Barque, -45 m.
au large Anse a la Barque. -50 m.
Anse a la Barque. -45 m.
Baie de Bouillante. - 1 3 m.
Family Rlncimdae H. & A. Adams, 1854
Genus Lapinura Marcus & Marcus, 1970
Lapinura divae (Marcus & Marcus, 1963)
Order APLYSIOMORPHA
Family Akeridae Pilsbry, 1893
Genus Akera Miiller. 1776
Akera thompsoni Olsson & McGint>, 1951
Akera bayeri Marcus & Marcus, 1967
Family Aplvsiidae Lamarck, 1809
Genus /i/?/v5/a Linne, 1758
* Aplysia dactylomela Rang, 1828 [6]
* Aplysia parvula Morch, 1863 [27]
Genus Syphonota Adams & Adams, 1 854
Syphonota geogrdfica (Adams & Reeve, 1850)
Genus Dolabrifera Gray. 1 847
Dolabrifera dolabrifera (Rang, 1828)
Genus Petalifera Gray, 1 847
Petalifera petalifera (Rang, 1828)
Petalifera ramosa Baba, 1959
Genus Phyllaplysia P. Fischer, 1 872
Phyllaplysia engeli Er. Marcus, 1955
Genus Biirsatella de Blainville, 1817
Bursatella leachii de Blainville, 1817
Genus Stylochcilus Gould. 1 952
Stylocheilus striatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)
Genus Notarchus Cuvier, 1817
Notarchus punctatus Philippi, 1836 [27]
Pointe de TErmitaae. rocky intertidal. -1 m.
Tete a TAnglais, rocky bottom, -23 m.
GCSM, dredging, -70 m.
ilet Fortune, rocky intertidal.
GCSM. meadow of Thalassia, -3 m.
interieur Anse Cara'i"be. -10m.
ilet Fortune, rocky intertidal.
Le Moule, seagrass meadows. -1 m.
interieur Baie Caraibe, -3 m.
GCSM, Ilet a Colas, -15 m.
Gros mouton de Caret, coral reef. -5 m.
GCSM, ilet a Colas, -15 m.
157
Family Umbraculidae Dall, 1889
Genus Umbraculum Schumacher, 1817
Umbraculum iimbraculum (Lightfoot, 1786) [26]
Order PLEUROBRANCHOMORPHA
Family Pleurobranchidae Gray, 1827
Genus Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1 804
Pleiirobranchus crossei Vayssiere, 1897
Pleurobranchus areolatus Morch, 1863
Genus BertheUa de Blainville, 1825
Berthella stellata (Risso, 1826)
Genus Berthellina Gardiner, 1936
* Berthellina quadridens (Morch, 1863) [17]
Anse a la Barque, rocky intertidal, -1 m.
Grotte aux barracudas, Port-Louis, -19 m.
Les 3 Arches (Port-Louis), -11m.
Ilet Fortune, rocky intertidal.
Order NUDIBRANCHIA
Suborder Doridacea
Family Hexabranchidae Bergh, 1891
Genus Caribranchus Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2002
Caribranchus morsomus (Marcus & Marcus, 1962)
Port-Louis, remains of a sunken airplane, -20 m.
Family Aegiretidae Fischer, 1883
Genus ^eg/re5 Loven, 1844
Aegires ortizi Templado, Luque & Ortea, 1987
Aegires sublaevis Odhner, 1932
Les 3 Arches (Port-Louis), -11m.
Derriere Ilet Fajou, -6 m.
Family Goniodorididae H. Adams & A. Adams,
Genus Trapania Pruvot-Fol, 1931
Trapania dalva Ev. Marcus, 1972
1854
Pointe d' Antigua (Port-Louis), -45 m.
Family Polyceridae Alder & Hancock, 1 845
Genus Polycera Cuvier, 1817
Polycera odhneri Er. Marcus, 1955
Genus PJocamopherus Leuckart, 1828
* Plocamopherus pilatecta Hamann & Farmer, 1988 [11]
GCSM, face a Fajou, coral seabed, -15m.
GCSM, face a Fajou, coral seabed, -23 m.
Family Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891
Genus Chromodoris Alder & Hancock, 1855
Chromodoris binza Er. Marcus, 1963
Chromodoris clenchi (Russell, 1935)
Genus Noumea Risbec, 1928
Noumea regalis Ortea, Caballer & Moro, 2001
Genus Hypselodohs Stimpson, 1855
Hvpselodoris acriba Marcus «& Marcus, 1967 [27]
Ilet Fortune, rocky intertidal.
Baie du Nord-Ouest (Le Moule), -1 m.
Grotte Amedier, -12m.
158
Hypselodoris hayeri (Marcus & Marcus, 1967) Pointe sur Bale de Bailie-Argent. -35 m.
* Hypselodoris ritthae Marcus &. Hughes, 1974 |27| Tete a 1' Anglais, rocky bottom, -23 m.
Family Cadlinidae Bergh, 1891
Genus Cadlina Bergh, 1 878
Cadlina rumia Er. Marcus, 1955 GCSM Banc-Frotte-ton-cul. -2 m.
Family Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815
Genus Df>>/7.s Linne. 1758
Doris hovena Er. Marcus, 1955 Ilet a Cabrit. meadow of Thalassia. -Im.
Doris fretterae Thompson, 1980 Ilet Fortune, rocky intertidal.
Genus Siraius Marcus, 1955
Siraius kyolis Marcus & Marcus, 1967 Ilet Fortune, rocky intertidal.
Genus Aphelodoris Bergh. 1879
* Aphelodoris antillensis (Bergh, 1879) [27] Ilet Fortune, rocky intertidal.
Family Discodorididae Bergh, 1891
Genus Discodoris Bergh, 1877
* Discodoris evelinae Er. Marcus, 1955 [27] Ilet Fortune, rocky intertidal.
Discodoris hedgpethi Marcus & Marcus, 1960 Pointe Gris-Gris (Port-Louis), -2 m.
Genus Paradoris Bergh. 1884
Paradoris mitlciber (Marcus, 1970) Trou a Forage. -9 m.
Detailed study on Paradoris mitlciber (Marcus, 1970) with remarks on its variability re-garding
to other species from the Atlantic
The taxonomic histoiy of the genus Paradoris Bergh. 1884 in the Caribbean Sea can
be summarized in four publications: MARCUS [14 and 15], ESPINOSA & ORTEA [7] and
CAMACHO & GOSLINER [3]. MARCUS [14] introduced the genus Percunas, type species
Percunas mulciher Marcus, 1970, based on a 21 mm long fixed specimen collected in Juri-aQu,
Brazil (type locality), right in the Equator (OO'^'S. 44^33'W). Later, MARCUS [15]
synonymizes Percunas with Paradoris, expanding its original description with the record of
a 35 mm long fixed specimen, collected in Pemambuco, Brazil. All the material used by Mar-cus
is in turn used by DAYRAT [4] to redescribe the species, which is again re-redescribed
by CAMACHO & GOSLINER [3] based on the remains of the two dissected animals by
MARCUS [14 and 15] and reviewed by DAYRAT [4], and other 6 specimens of 15-56 mm
fixed, collected under stones, between 9 and 12 m deep in Manzanillo and Cahuita (Limon,
Costa Rica) in 1998-99. These specimens were the base to the pre\ ious record of the species
in Costa Rica by ESPINOSA & ORTEA [7]. The capture of two big-sized specimens in
Guadeloupe and Martinique has provided new diagnostic anatomical data on the species. Ad-ditionally,
high quality digital illustrations on the external anatomy are provided and the vari-ability
regarding to other Atlantic species of the genus is discussed.
159
Paradoris mulciber (Marcus, 1970)
(Plates 1-2 and Table 1)
Material examined: Guadeloupe, Trou a rorage(16°22,88'N,6r31,43'W), May 18,2012, 1 specimen
73 mm long alive, under rocks, 9 m depth. South of Martinique, October 7, 2011, 1 specimen of 50x32
mm fixed, collected overnight in a rocky bottom.
Description: Mantle pale pink to brownish orange dorsally, very uniform throughout the man-tle,
with conical or truncated tubercles of diverse diameters and heights distributed randomly.
Hiponotum pearl grey. Sole off white. Both with small reddish spots widely scattered. Front
edge of the foot furrowed and cleft. Oral tentacles grooved, with red dots. Gill, a sixth of the
body length, reaching the mantle when extended. Six branchial folds, tri-tetrapinnated, translu-cent
pink, with golden granules on the borders. Rhinophores with translucent grey stalks,
thicker than the lamellae part. Tips small and white. Lamellae 20-21, brown, with scattered
reddish brown dots. Rhinophorical sheaths high, rough, with an irregular opening. Genital
opening with thickened rim, on the right side of the hiponotum, near the foot. Preserved spec-imens:
mantle dark gray; hiponotum pearl grey, sole off white, both lack reddish spots.
Blood gland double, with anterior lobe more than three times the diameter of posterior
lobe. Albumen and mucus glands very well developed, 25 mm long, 8 mm wide, invading the
body cavity on the righ side of the hepatopancreas, above the rest of the reproductive system.
Prostate long and folded. Bursa copulatrix spherical, two times the diameter of the seminal re-ceptacle,
which is also spherical. Ampulla U-shaped. Vagina with two accessory glands and
three muscular sacks with stylets of about 600 microns.
Labial cuticle composed of two triangular 5 mm long pieces, holster-shaped, and an
odd piece, 1 mm long and 2 mm wide, butterfly shaped (Plate 2 A-B). All pieces golden-amber
colored. Radula (78 x 22.0.22) with 78 rows; each half row with 22 teeth (in row 25).
The innermost teeth characterized by the highly variable shape of the hook (Plate 2 C-D).
Outermost teeth very regular; last three teeth (20-22) always with an anterior apophysis at the
base of the hook, absent in the remaining teeth. Hook of the largest teeth (16-18) about 200
microns. All teeth with the external groove in the hook, characteristic of the genus.
Discussion: Characters such as the shape and arrangement of the mantle tubercles, the
rhinophorical sheath, the odd piece of the labial cuticle and the great development of both; the
albumen and the mucus glands, distinguish P. mulciber from the eastern Atlantic species
Paradoris indecora (Bergh, 1881), with which it shares the radular structure, a similar geni-talia
and other characters, like the network of spicules on the hiponotum, invisible to the naked
view in living animals, but very apparent in other two Atlantic species, Paradoris inversa
Ortea, 1985 and Paradoris ceneris Ortea, 1985.
In order to distinguish P mulciber from P indecora, CAMACHO & GOSLINER [3]
agree with the diagnosis of DAYRAT [4], according to which P. indecora can have 1-2 ac-cessory
glands in the vagina and a maximum of three stylets (0-3), (though in Table 1 they in-dicate
only one gland and three stylets) versus the two glands and the three stylets of P.
mulciber. So, according to that, the same character is very variable in one species and very sta-ble
in the other, regardless that, DAYRAT [4] established this intraspecific variability for P.
indecora to synonymyce three species described by ORTEA [18] in the Canary Islands
{Paradoris inversa, Paradoris mollis and Paradoris ceneris). DAYRAT [4]) supports the pro-posal
of synonymy based on the study of the remains of the holotypes, which lack genital ar-
160
Plate 1.- Paradohs rmdciher (Marcus. 1970). 73 mm long: A. Dorsal and ventral views: B. Detail of the
mouth; C. Detail of the gill; D. Detail of the rhinophores.
161
Plate 2.- Paradoris miilciber (Marcus, 1970), 73 mm long: A-B. Dorsal (scale 1 mm) and ventral (scale
0.5 mm) parts of the jaw; C. Variation of the first lateral inward tooth, (scale 50 \m\)\ D. Outward lateral
teeth 17-22 (scale 50 |im).
162
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163
mature, radula and jaw. Although that, he considers P. indecora as a polymorphic species,
whose body can be as soft as a Dendrodoris and live in a cave on the black sponge Aaptos aap-tos
(T. Cruz pers. comm.) {P. mollis) or as leathery as a Platydoris and inhabit the network of
large sponges of the genus Ircinia, having the gill flattened with the anterior leaves smaller
than the posterior ones, a clear adaptation to the environment (P. inversa). Additionally,
DAYRAT [4] stated that P. indecora has 1-2 accessory glands and up to 3 sacks with stylets
(0-3) associated to the vagina; this variability range does not comprises the absence of glands,
combined with the presence of 2 sacks with stylets in P. mollis, neither the absolute lack of
all these structures in P. ceneris, whose vagina has no glands or sacks. More than 200 speci-mens
of P. indecora have been collected from the Western Mediterranean to the Canary Is-lands,
and all the specimens over 14 mm have two accessory glands and three muscular sacks
with stylets up to 600-700 microns (ORTEA [18] and unpublished data), as well as in the
Caribbean species P. mulciber. Thus, the synonymies proposed by DAYRAT [4], based on a
supposed intraspecific variability are, in fact, an elaborate frivolity, especially because all the
material examined by DAYRAT [4] was preserved, this author has never collected or seen a
living specimen. If the variability of P. indecora given by DAYRAT [4] was correct, P. mul-ciber
would be a junior synonym, like most of the world's species studied by GOSLINER &
CAMACHO [3]. These authors omitted data on the species from the Canary Islands (ORTEA
[18]) in the comparative table, to prevent it can be proved that they are different species.
Genus Platydoris Bergh, 1877
Platydoris angustipes (Morch, 1863) Ilet Fortune, rocky intertidal.
Genus Rostanga Bergh, 1879
Rostanga byga Er. Marcus, 1958 Pointe de Quesy, rocky bottom, -11m.
Genus DzV^w/w/cr Bergh, 1879
Diaulula greeleyi (McFarland, 1909) Ilet Fortune, rocky intertidal.
Gqwu^ Jorunna Bergh 1876
Jorunna spazzola (Er. Marcus, 1955) Anse Colas, meadow of//, stipulacea, -13 m.
Genus Taringa Er. Marcus, 1955
Taringa telopia Er. Marcus, 1955 Ilet Fortune, rocky intertidal.
Genus ^c/e/Wom Eliot, 1904
Sclerodoris prea (Marcus & Marcus, 1967) Anse a la Barque, rocky intertidal, -1 m.
Genus Hoplodoris Bergh, 1880
Hoplodoris hansrosaorum Dominguez, Garcia & Troncoso, 2006
Grotte Amedier, -16m.
Family Dendrodorididae O'Donoghue, 1924
Genus Dendrodoris Ehrenberg, 1831
* Dendrodoris krebsii (Morch, 1863) [27] Gros mouton de Caret, coral reef, - 5 m.
Dendrodoris karukeraensis, new species Port-Louis, -15m.
164
Description of a new species o\ Dendrodoris Ehrenbergh, 1831
Dendi'odoris karukeraensis, new species
(Plate 3)
Material examined: One specimen (holotype MNHN 25715), 21 x 6 mm alive (14x5 mm fixed), col-lected
on May 18, 2012 in Oeil (type locality, 16° 26.78' N 61° 32.41' W), Port-Louis, Guadeloupe, on
a rocky bottom at 15 m depth, during a night dive. Holotype deposited in the moUuscan collections at
the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Paris.
Etymology: Toponymic of Karukera, the name by which the ancient inhabitants of Guade-loupe,
the Caribbean Indians, knew the island. This ancestral name and the colors white and
black, base of crossbreeding, symbolize in this new species the past, the present and the fu-ture
of Karukera.
Description: Mantle milky white. Large circular blotches, black and dark gray, cover the cen-tral
region of the body. These blotches entire or fragmented, arranged singly or grouped, only
one of them ahead the rhinophores of the holotype. Mantle margin white, slightly undulate and
lacking yellow border. Rhinophores w ith 1 1 white folds, transparent stalk and thin white tips.
Rhinophorical sheaths white, well developed and very tight to the stalks. Gill far behind on
the body, composed of six white leaves, bi-tripinnate, arranged in two symmetric sets of three
leaves each. One of the leaves smaller than the remaining, so, it looks like there are only five
(Plate 3 D). Hiponotum and foot completely white. Sole almost as wide as the body, it pro-trudes
the sides and the back of the body, especially when the animal crawls. Head white, ap-parently
stucked to the upper lip edge of the sole of the foot, this lip divided in the mouth. The
animal flees the light, looking for shelter when illuminated, even something as simple as the
shadow of a piece of paper floating in the water.
Discussion: Dendrodoris magagnai Espinosa & Ortea, 2001. from the Caribbean coasts of
Costa Rica, has some black blotches on the mantle, like those of Dendrodoris kanikeraensis,
new species, but it also has yellow spots and the mantle margin tinted with that color. The
rhinophores of this species lack rhinophoral sheaths, have less folds in similar size animals (28
X 6 mm) and both the stalks and the gills are stained black. Another diagnostic character of
D. magagnai is the gill, which consists of seven bi-tripinnate leaves, with pinnae stained black
and arranged in a semicircle ahead the anus, different from the two symmetric sets with three
white folds each on D. karukeraensis, new species.
The most widespread Dendrodoris in the Caribbean is Dendrodoris krebsii (Morch,
1863), a polychromatic species whose juveniles are always red, regardless of the color of the
adult. There are populations in which the adults are white or pale gray, mottled gray and
black, however, when they have the size of the holotype of D. karukeraensis. new species,
the specimens of D. krebsii are red colored. In Grand Cul de Sac Marin (Guadeloupe), on
rocky bottom from the intertidal up to 5 m deep, individuals of D. krebsii are mostly light
gray and gray with black spots, this form is very abundant in Gros Mouton de Caret and in
Ilet Fortune. In the mangrove of Pointe Coin a Nous, the adults are red or red spotted with
black and gray. All these populations, and more than fifty specimens from several Caribbean
locations were examined alive, but all were clearly distinguishable from the holotype of D.
karukeraensis new species.
165
Plate 3.- Dendrodoris karukeraensis, new species, holotype: A. Dorsal view of the living animal; B. de-tail
of the rhinophores (with sheath) and the mouth; C. detail of the pigment blotches in the mantle; D.
Gills; E. Dendrodoris krebsii (Morch, 1863), 14 mm long, detail of the rhinophores (almost lacking
sheaths).
166
D. krebssi is comparatively more domed, with the mantle margins narrower compared
to the body, the foot does not protrudes behind the mantle, the rhinophores almost lack sheaths
(Plate 3 E) and the gill leaves are joined to form a continuous arc around the anus. VALDES
et al [27] illustrated the different color fonns of Z). krcbsii and VALDES, ORTEA, AVILA &
BALLESTEROS [28] tackled a detailed study of the Atlantic species known to that date.
The record of Dendrodoris senegaleusis Bouchet, 1975 in the archipelago of Fernando
de Noronha, Brazil, made by GARCIA & TRONCOSO [10] did not take into account Den-drodoris
atropos Bergh, 1879, whose type locality is in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Genus Doriopsilla Bergh. 1 880
Doriopsilla cf. areolata Bergh, 1880 [27]
Family Phvllidiidae Rafinesque, 1814
Genus Ceratophyllidia Eliot, 1903
Ceratophvllidia papilli^era (Bergh, 1890) [27]
SubOrder Dendronotacea
Family Tritoniidae Lamarck, 1809
Genus Tritonia Cuvier. 1 803
* Tritonia bayeri Marcus & Marcus, 1967 [27]
GCSM, face a Fajou. coral seabed, -15 m.
Tritonia hamnerorum Gosliner & Ghiselin, 1987
GCSM, au large de Fajou. coral seabed. -4 m.
Tritonia wellsi Marcus, 1961 Passe a Caret. -32 m.
Genus Tritoniopsis EhoX. 1905
Tritoniopsis frydis Marcus & Marcus, 1970
GCSM. au large de Fajou. coral seabed. -24 m.
Family Dotidae Gray. 1853
Genus Doro Oken, 1815
Doto anapa Ortea, 2001 Sec Ferrv. -27 m.
Doto curere Ortea 2001 Pointe Grigri. -2 m.
Doto torrelavega Ortea & Caballer, 2007 GCSM. -24 m.
On the genus Doto Oken, 1815 in Guadeloupe
The species of the genus Doto in the Caribbean Sea hav e recently been review ed by
ORTEA [19]. which studies and discusses the nine valid species known to that date and de-scribes
nine additional new species. Subsequently, only two species have been described:
Doto torrelavega Ortea & Caballer, 2007, from the coast of Cuba, and Doto cristal Ortea,
2009, from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica.
Doto lira Marcus. 1955. whose type locality is the island of Sao Sebastiao. Brazil, was
recorded in Chile by MARCUS [12] and is still the most controversial species of the genus
in America. It was one ofthe first Doto described in the tropical Western Atlantic and his spe-cific
epithet (which means grape), reflects the basic structure of the cerata of most of the
species of the genus (a bunch of grapes), so, scientific literature is full of misidentifications.
167
The original description of D. uva was based on a 4.5 mm specimen and pointed several di-agnostic
characters to correctly identify the species:
1
Rhinophoral sheath extended forward forming a peak.
2. Body translucent white with orange viscera penetrating the cerata.
3. Five pairs of cerata with 4-5 rings each. This rings composed of 6-7 white tubercles
surrounded by branched black lines.
4. Rhinophores lack black pigment, not even on the axis.
No animal with these characteristics has been collected so far in the Caribbean, though
VALDES, HAMANN, BEHRENS & DUPONT [27] feed the controversy (pp. 214 and 216)
by calling D. uva, an animal lacking black pigment in the rhinophores, to one specimen of
Doto chica Marcus & Marcus, 1960 (type locality: Florida), which has black rhinophores and
whose body is also black on the back and sides, even after fixation, additionally, the latter
species has disperse papillae on the mantle. D. uva from southern hemisphere, has none of the
distinctive features of D. chica. Despite this, VALDES et al. [27] ignore the redescription of
D. chica by ORTEA [19] to give stability to one of the most abundant species in the Caribbean,
and they identify as D. chica to one specimen from Bahamas with transparent body, describ-ing
its coloration and adding: ''The specimen illustrated here matches the original description
ofthe species ", but, the original description done by MARCUS & MARCUS [13] was based
on a preserved specimen (holotype) and no data on the living animal were available. Addi-tionally,
VALDES et al. [27] (pp. 214-215) illustrate an animal from Curasao under the name
Doto wildei Marcus & Marcus, 1970 (= Doto caramella wildei), whose type of cerata fit in
the original description of Doto uva. This frivolity in the identification of the Caribbean
species contrasts with the efforts of other authors to clarify ancient species like Doto pigmea
Bergh, 1871 (ORTEA, MORO & ESPINOSA [23]), or poorly described like Doto pita Mar-cus,
1955 (ORTEA, MORO & ESPINOSA [24]), or misquotations like Doto cinerea Trinch-ese,
1881 in the Caribbean (= Doto escatllari Ortea, Moro & Espinosa, 1997), prior to the
revision of the genus by ORTEA [19].
FISCHER, VAN DER VELDE & ROUBOS [8] make an attempt to clarify the status
of Doto uva, but they ignore the review of the genus (ORTEA [19]) and tackle the anatomi-cal
and histological study based on specimens from Brazil and Chile. These specimens are il-lustrated
in the Figure 1 of their paper, and they actually belong to two different taxa. The
specimens from Brazil were collected in the type locality ofDoto uva (island of Sao Sebastiao)
and they have rhinophoral sheath extended forward forming a peak, as it's established in the
original description of the species. This character is absent in the specimens from Chile, whose
cerata are quite different. The anatomical and histological data given by FISCHER et al. [8],
show that the specimens from Chile and Brazil are different, but the authors did not give a new
name to the animals of Chile, and still call it D. uva.
BERGH [1] introduced the genus Heromorpha Bergh, 1873, whose type species is
Heromorpha antillensis Bergh, 1873, based on two specimens, 7 and 10 mm long, collected
in Saint Thomas. They had jaws in the bucal bulb and the central axis of the rhinophores
black, nevertheless, the name H. antilllensis has been ignored by the specialists who have
studied the genus Doto in the Caribbean (see ORTEA & CABALLER [22]). Despite this un-justified
oblivion, this was the first record in the Caribbean to a species with the axis of the
rhinophores black, but, anyway, it is not possible to link it with the three species ofDoto col-lected
in Guadeloupe because the two radulas of H. antillensis illustrated by BERGH [1]
168
(Plate VIII, 18, and Plate IX, 2) belong to two ditTerent species, probably the first one Doto
chica, as redescribed by ORTEA [19]. Furthermore, the name H. antillensis has not been used
in o\er 100 years, so, it should be considered a nomen oblitum in accordance with the rec-ommendations
of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
No species oi Doto has previously been cited in Guadeloupe. VALDES et al. [27] il-lustrated
a specimen from Martinique under the name Doto sp. I, that could be Doto awapa
Ortea, 2001, included in this article.
Three species of Doto collected by scuba diving between 2 and 27 m depth are stud-ied
in this work.
Doto mvapa Ortea, 2001
(Plate4A-C&9D)
Avicennia. supplement 3: 21-23. Figure 9. Plate IIG.
Type localit>': Punta Mona, Limon. Caribbean coast of Costa Rica.
Material examined: Sec Ferr>. Guadeloupe ( 16" 17. 5 FN, 6r48.98"W), May 12, 2012, rv\o specimens
of 4 and 5 mm ali\e together with their spawn, collected on hydrozoans {Aglaophenia sp.) in a rocky
bottom at 27 m depth.
Remarks: The specimens collected in Guadeloupe were the same size as the type material and
had no differences with the original description. Cerata arranged in five pairs, with rounded
tubercles mottled with white spots. Pseudobranchia regular and transparent, \\ith 3-5 branches,
with one or more snow white dots at the end of each branch. Entire body covered by snow
white spots, even on the surface of the rhinophores (Plate 4 C), in which they mask the inter-nal
thin black axis, which may be fragmented. Rhinophoral sheaths, anterior keel and anal pa-pila
speckled with white dots.
Spawn (Plate 4 A-B) with yellowish eggs (white in the original description), consists
of tapered loops (boomerangs), with alternate orientation in the ribbon, each loop is: 2-4 mm
long, 0.5-0.6 mm thick and 1-1.2 mm high. It can contain t\vo or three superposed layers of
3-5 eggs. Eggs about 175 microns on average. In the original description, the height and the
thickness of the spawn were confused.
VALDES et al. ([27]: p. 220) illustrate a specimen from Martinique that could belong
to this species, even when the black axis in the rhinophores is not visible in the photography.
This is the first record of D. awapa after the original description in the Caribbean of Costa Rica
and the first published photographs of live animals.
Doto curere Ortea 2001
(Plates 4 D-E, 5 & 9 B)
Avicennia, supplement 3: 17-18, Figure 7. Plates IID and IIIB.
Type localitv'! Puerto Viejo. Limon, Costa Rica.
Material examined: Pointe Gris-Gris, Port-Louis. Guadeloupe (16''23.57'N 6r31.37'W), May 17,
2012, 14 specimens 3-12 mm long alive with their spawn, collected on hydroids {Halocordyle sp.). in a
rocky bottom at 2 m deep. GCSM. Guadeloupe (16''2 1.8 LN 6r31.78'\V), May 20. 2012. 2 specimens
169
12 mm long alive with their spawn, collected on hydroids {Halocordyle sp.) in a meadow of Thalassia
testudinum at 5 m deep.
Remarks: All specimens showed the following diagnostic characters contained in the origi-nal
description of Doto curere (ORTEA [19]): rhinophoral sheath translucent gray (Plate 4
D), with snow white dots on the stem and on the edge, which can be very abundant. Anterior
region extended forward forming a lobe. Rhinophores longer than twice the sheath, translu-cent,
with the inner axis black and snow white dots on the surface (Plate 4 D). Ahead the
rhinophoral sheath there is a keel with white dots, that can cover it completely. Body translu-cent
gray, with a blackish fade, more dense on the back and the sides. Areas between two suc-cessive
cerata translucent, lacking black pigment, with snow white dots, particularly at the base
of the cerata. Head edged with white dots anteriorly (Plate 4 D), which form a band that can
be seen in dorsal and ventral views. The holotype was 7 mm long (ORTEA [19], Figure 7),
with 7 pairs of cerata, while the animals from Guadeloupe have 9 pairs of cerata in the larger
animals (11-12 mm), 7 pairs if 7-10 mm long, 6 at the size of 5-6 mm and 5 pairs in 3-5 mm
specimens. In 7 of the 16 specimens collected, the largest cerata were at the third pair. As in
the holotype, larger cerata (Plate 4 E) have up to seven rings of tubercles with a bluish hue,
that shows of like a blue colored inner sphere; conspicuous when lacking pigment in the sur-face
and dimmed when there is that pigmentation, whether white, yellow or something blue.
Pseudobranchia transparent and regular, it can reach to half the length of the cerata and com-prises
1-4 rounded branches each side of the main axis. Each branch can be stained with white,
and show a metallic blue dot. Digestive gland can also partially penetrate the base of the cen-tral
axis and the lateral branches. Anal papilla prominent and stained with white, like the gen-ital
papilla (Plate 4 D). In preserved animals, black pigment remains on the body and the
cerata turn white.
Radula in a medium size specimen (4 mm fixed) with 102 teeth of about 15 microns
(Plate 5 E). Teeth with a central cusp and two additional on each side. A small extra denticle
is attached alternatively to one of the sides of the central cusp in successive teeth. No colored
jaws observed.
Spawn is a white ribbon, 2 to 2.4 mm high, with two rows of white eggs of about 120
microns, enclosed in capsules of 240 microns (Plate 5 A-C) and deposited on the major
branches of the hydroids. As in other species of the genus, the ribbon shows alternate horse-shoe
bends and straight areas.
D. curere Ortea 2001 and Doto cabecar Ortea, 2001, share a very similar structure of
the cerata that can lead to misidentifications: a dark blue sphere inside the tubercles. The best
diagnostic character to distinguish both species is the black axis in the rhinophores of D.
curere, which remains even in preserved animals, absent in D. cabecar. D. curere inhabits
hidroids of the genus Halocordyle and D. cabecar in Thyrosciphus. ORTEA & CABALLER
[21] give additional data to the original description oiD. cabecar.
This is the first record of Doto curere after its original description in the Caribbean of
Costa Rica and the first time that live animals are illustrated. The radula and spawn are de-scribed
for the first time.
170
Doto torrelavega Ortea & Cabal Icr, 2007
(Plates 4 F & 9 C)
Avicennia 19: 122-125, figures 1 and 2.
Type locality: Nautico, Playa, Havana, Cuba.
Material examined:
GCSM, face a Fajou, (16''21.76N 6r36.35'W), May 5, 2012, two specimens 10 mm long with their
spawn, collected on hydroids (r/n/-ascv/;/?//.s marginatus), in coral reefs of the outer slope to 24 m deep.
Remarks: The coloration and the remaining anatomical characters of the specimens from
Guadaloupe, fit in the original description of the species: orange body with golden spots;
rhinophores conical covered with yellow or gold pigment on the surface; rhinophoral sheaths
with the edges fragmented; a triangular keel present ahead each rhinophore; seven pairs of cer-ata
with globose tubercles, whitish and surrounded at the base by orange pigment that forms
a ring around it; a large internal pseudobranquia with the shape of an open hand; conspicu-ous
anal papillae and genital papilla, with tubercles and rugosities on its surface.
The radula of a 10 mm long animal has 77 teeth of about 20 microns, with three cusps
on each side of the central cusp, the latter bearing an extra denticle on each side.
The spaw is deposited on the hydroid Thyrosciphus marginatus. The ribbons are longer
than those originally described; up to 30 mm long in two segments of 15 mm each, forming
an arc. Each segment shows more than 15 alternate horseshoe bends. A sagital section of the
ribbon is up to 10 eggs high and 3 eggs thick. The eggs are pinkish, with 155 microns in a\-
erage diameter, enclosed in oblong capsules of 220 microns.
VALDES et al. [27] (p. 218) illustrate an animal from Culebra Island, Puerto Rico,
under the name Doto varadewensis Ortea, 2001, which could belong to this species. This is
the first record oi Doto torrelavega after its original description in the coast of Cuba.
Family Bornellidae Bergh, 1874
Genus Bornella Gray, 1850
Bornella calcarata Morch, 1863 [17]
SubOrder Aeolidacea
Family Flabellinidae Bergh, 1889
Genus Cory-phella Voigt, 1 834
Coiyphella dushia Marcus & Marcus, 1963 Baie de Bouillante, - 1 3 m.
Family Facelinidae Bergh, 1889
Genus Learchis Bergh, 1 896
Learchis poica Marcus & Marcus, 1960 GCSM, ilet a Colas, -15 m.
Learchis evelinae Edmunds & Just, 1983 Pointe Gris-Gris (Port-Louis), -2 m.
Genus Phidiana Gray, 1 850
* Phidiana lynceiis (Bergh, 1 867) [ 1 ] Plage de Bois Jolan, mixed meadow, - 1 m.
Genus Favoriuiis Gray, 1 850
Favorinus auritulus Er. Marcus, 1955 Tete a I'Anglais, rocky bottom, -23 m.
Genus Dondice Er. Marcus, 1958
Dondice occidentalis (Engel, 1925) Ilet Fortune, rocky intertidal.
171
Plate 4.- Doto from Guadeloupe in their natural habitat: A-C. Doto awapa Ortea, 200 1 ; A. Dorsal view;
B. Ventral view; C. Detail of the rhinophore with black axis; D-E. Doto curere Ortea, 2001; D. Dorso-ventral
view; E. Dorsal view; F. Doto torrelavega Ortea & Caballer, 2007.
172
Plate 5.- Doto citrere Ortea, 2001 : A-C. Scheme of the spawn and detail of the eggs in the ribbon (scale
3 mm); D. Pseudobranchia; E. Radular teeth (scale 25 fim).
173
Genus Godiva Er. Marcus, 1957
Godiva mbrolineata (Edmunds, 1964)
Genus Nanuca Er. Marcus, 1957
Nanuca sebastiani Er. Marcus, 1957
GCSM, au large de Fajou, coral seabed, -22 m.
Ilet Fortune, rocky intertidal.
Anse a la Barque, rocky intertidal, -1 m
Family Aeolidiidae Gray, 1827
Genus Spurilla Bergh, 1 864
Spurilla neapolitana (Delle Chiaje, 1823)
Genus Berghia Trinchese, 1877
Berghia creutzbergi Marcus & Marcus, 1970 Pointe Gris-Gris (Port-Louis), -2 m.
Berghia marcusi Dominguez, Troncoso & Garcia, 2008
Ilet a Cabrit, meadow of Thalassia, -1 m.
Gquus Aeolidiella Bergh, 1867
Aeolidiella alba Risbec, 1928
Subclass SACOGLOSSA
Order OXYNOACEA
Derriere Ilet Fajou, -6 m.
Family Oxynoidae Stoliczka, 1868 (1847)
Genus Oxynoe Rafmesque, 1814
Oxynoe antillarum Morch, 1863
Genus Lobiger Krohn, 1 847
* Lobiger souverbii P. Fischer, 1857 [9]
Family Juliidae A. Smith, 1885
Genus Berthelinia Crosse, 1875
Berthelinia caribbaea Edmunds, 1963
Vieux Habitants, meadow of//. stipulacea.-21 m.
Vieux Habitants, meadow of//, stipulacea, -23 m.
Plage de Bois Jolan, in Caulerpa verticillata, -1 m.
Family Volvatellidae Pilsbry, 1895
Genus Ascobulla Ev. Marcus, 1972
Ascobulla ulla (Marcus & Marcus, 1 970)
Order PLACOBRANCHACEA
Oeil (Port-Louis), -16 m.
Family Placobranchidae Gray, 1 840
Genus Elysia Risso, 1818
* Elysia cauze Marcus, 1957
* Elysia crispata (Morch, 1863) [17]
Elvsia flava Verrill. 1901 [27]
Elysia w/s^^^/ Thompson, 1977
* Elysia ornata (Swainson, 1840) [27]
Elysia papulosa Verr'iW, 1901 [27]
Elysia purchoni Thompson, 1974
Elysia timida (Risso, 1818)
PCSM, on algae, -6 m.
ilet Fortune, rocky intertidal.
Gros mouton de Caret, coral reef, -5 m.
ilet Pigeon, on Biyopsis, -\5m.
Grotte aux barracudas, Port-Louis, -19 m.
ilet Pigeon, -15 m.
174
Elysia tuca Marcus & Marcus, 1967 GCSM, sandy bottom, -3 m.
Elysia zuleicae Ortea & Espinosa, 2002 GCSM, meadow of Thalassia, -3 m.
Genus Checholysia Ortea, Espinosa. Moro & Caballer, 2005
Checholysia patina (Ev. Marcus, 1980) GCSM, meadow of Thalassia. -3 m.
Genus Thuridillu Bergh, 1872
Thuridilla mazda Ortea iS: Espinosa, 2000 Sec Pate, -25 m.
Family Caliphvllidae Tiberi, 1881
Genus Caliphylla A. Costa, 1 867
Caiiphylla mediterranea A. Costa, 1867 Pointe de rEimitage. rocky intertidal. -1 m.
Genus Cyerce Bergh, 1871
Cyerce antillettsis Engel, 1927 Vieux Habitants, meadow of//, stipulacea. -11 m.
Family JULIIDAE A. Smith, 1885
Genus Polybranchia Pease, 1 860
Polybratichia borgnini (Trinchese, 1896)
Anse Colas, meadow of//, stipulacea, -13 m.
* Polybranchia viridis (Deshayes, 1857) [5] ilet Fortune, rocky intertidal.
Family HERMAEIDAE H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
Genus Costasiella Pruvot-Fol, 1951
Costasiella ocellifera (Simroth, 1895)
Port-Louis. Quest Petit-Canal, muddy bottom with Avraimillea. -8 m.
Genus Placida Trinchese, 1877-79
Placida verticilata Ortea, 1980 Pointe de TErmitase. rockv bottom, on Codium. -11m.
4. DISCUSSION
This catalog lists 1 1 7 species of sea slugs from Guadeloupe (97 opisthobranchia and
20 sacoglossa) collected on the expedition Karubenthos-2012. plus another 10 which have
already been mentioned in the literature, so, the total number of species in the Archipelago is
127. Of the 117 species collected alive, one is described as new for science {Dendiodoris
karukeraensis, new species) and 85 are recorded for the first time in Guadeloupe.
Among the already cited species, whose animals have been collected again, there are
16 Cephalaspidea. Most of them were described or cited by d'ORBIGNY [6] in his chapter
Molluscs of the book: Histoha, Fisica Politico y Natural de la Isla de Cuba, edited b\ de la
Sagra. In this work, he recorded 163 species of molluscs from Guadeloupe, describing 21
new species.
The orientation of the sampling to the collection of prosobranchs and the low effort in
direct search and night diving, together w ith the advancement of the rainy season, are some
of the reasons that may explain the absence in the in\'entory of large and conspicuous species
of sea slugs, such as: Bornella calcarata, 65 mm long, with vivid orange pigmentation;
Hypselodoris acriba. a blue chromodorid that exceeds 60 mm long or Plocamopherus pila-tecta,
a luminiscent slug up to 30 mm, of which only a juvenile has been collected. The most
of the Aeolididae are also absent in the list, such as the 6 species of Flabellina with showy liv-ery,
exceeding 20 mm, known in the Caribbean, or the representatives of Eubranchidae and
175
Tergipcdidae; not a single species oiCuthona has been collected, however, this genus is very
common in the Caribbean Sea. The scarcity of sampling in the mangroves and anthropized
sites, where Bryozoa {Zoobotryon spp. and others) are abundant, may explain the absence
and the underrepresentation of species of Okenia, Polycera, Bennudella, etc. Same reasons
would explain not having collected Hydatina physis, Micromelo undatus and Umbvaculum
umbraculum, cited in Guadeloupe by POINTIER & LAMY [26].
A highlight in the inventory is the finding oi Polybranchia borgnini (Trinchese, 1896),
a common sacoglossa in the Canary Islands and in the Mediterranean Sea, which is recorded
for the first time in the Caribbean associated to Halophila stipularia meadows and becomes
the sixteenth amphi-Atlantic sacoglossa known in our experience. Highlights, also, the dis-covery
of two recently described species from Brazil, Hoplodoris hanswsaorum and Berghia
marcusi cited for the first time in the Lesser Antilles, Western Caribbean Sea. Other species
whose type locality is in Brazil, Spinoaglaja petra (Ev. Marcus, 1976), mistaken with
Spinoaglaja aeci Ortea & Espinosa, 2001 by VALDES et al. [10] and illustrated in Plate 7 I,
is discussed in another article of this journal where the spines associated to the protoconch are
compared to distinguish the two species.
Two additional species described in the western end of the insular Caribbean, C.
mariagordae and P. bagaensis, are recorded for the first time in the eastern end of the
Caribbean islands arc. They show a case of gigantism; at the same size of the living animal,
the internal shells of the specimens from Guadeloupe are smaller and have a less complex
development of the protoconch that those from western Cuba. Thus, the shape of the shell in
specimens 3-5 mm long from Cuba is the same as in specimens 5-8 mm long from Guade-loupe.
This could be explained by the low density of their populations or by increased food
availability.
The site with higher diversity was ilet Fortune, where 19 species were collected, 1 7 %
of the total.
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This inventory of the sea slugs from Guadeloupe (Karukera) has been possible thanks
to the meticulous work of reviewing the samples made by Anders Waren and heroines of si-lence:
Virginie Heros, Mauricette Bourgeois, Josie Lambourdiere, Danielle Placais and
Laure Corbari, support group for the troop of the tides: Laurent Charles and Remy Penis-son.
The poor results of the direct search in the diving were offset by: the underwater vac-uum
cleaning made by Emmanuel Vassard, the dredging by Dominique Lamy, Laurent
Pruvot and Jose Rosado, the ability of Robert Moolenbeek, the collects of algae by Flo-rence
Rousseau, Jose Utge and Line Le Gall and the the threshing of all these samples by
Sebastien Soubzmaigne, together with the efficacy of Philippe Maestrati, master of the order
and the good work. Guillaume Dirberg, applied his art to bring order to the sampling and
Alice Leblond took care of the intendance to the last detail. The complex scientific coordi-nation
of the expedition was possible through the efforts and dedication of Philippe Bouchet
(Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris), with the support of Herve Magnin (National
Park Guadeloupe) and Olivier Gros (University of the Antilles and Guyana). Our heartfelt
thanks to all the participants.
176
6. REFERENCES
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senegalensis Bouchet. 1975. Scientia Marina 67(2): 159-166.
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Plate 6.- Ccphalaspidea: A. Bulla occidentalis: B. Haminoea elegans: C. Haminoca pctiti: D. Arys carih-aeus;
E. Afys alayoi: F. .-^n-.s shcirpi: G. Philiue cahallcri: H. Chelidoniira hirundinina: I. Chclidonura
cubaua: J. Chelidomtra muria^ordae.
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Plate 7.- Cephalaspidea, Runcinacea, Aplysiomorpha and Pleurobranchomorpha: A. Philinopsis bagaen-sis\
B. Tornatina liratispira; C. Scaphander watsofii; D. Lapimira divae; E. Akera bayeri\ F. Petalifera
petalifera; G. Stylocheilus striatus; H. Pleurobranchus areolatus; I. Spinoaglaja petra.
180
Plate 8.- Cephalaspidea and Nudibranchia: A. Volvulella pcrsimilis: B. Chromodoris clenchi: C. Cadlina
rumia; D. Cahhranchus morsomus; E. Hypselodohs riithae\ F. Siraius kyolls: G. Noumea regalis: H.
Aphelodoris antillensis; I. Discodoris hedgpethi: J. Platydoris angustipes.
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Plate 9.- Nudibranchia and Sacoglossa: A. Tritonia bayeri; B. Doto curere; C. Doto torrelavega; D.
Doto awapa; E. Learchis evelinae; F. Elysia crispata; G. Favorinus auritulus; H. Cyerce habauensis;
I. Elysia nisbeti; J. Elysia cauze; K. Placida verticilata.
182