List of aphidiines (Hymenoptera: braconidae, aphidiinae) of Madeira Archipelago

              Rev. Acad. Canar. Cienc, XX (Num. 4), 61-68 (2008) (publicado en septiembre de 2009)
LIST OF APHIDIINES (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE,
APHIDIINAE) OF MADEIRA ARCHIPELAGO
Arminda Cecilio', Margarida T. Pita' - & F. A. Ilharco'
' Institute Nacional dos Recursos Biologicos, I. P., L-INIA,
Unidade de Investiga^ao de Protec^ao de Plantas, Entomologia,
Av. da Republica, Nova Oeiras, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal. E-mail: a.cecilio@mail.telepac.pt
-Centre de Estudos da Macaronesia (CEM), Universidade da Madeira,
Campus Universitario da Penteada - Bloco C - Piso 1, 9000-399 Funchal, Madeira, Portugal.
E-mail: maggie@uma.pt
ABSTRACT
The present work analyses the available information on the diversit}' of aphid para-sitoids
in Madeira Archipelago, lists the species known for Madeira and Porto Santo Islands,
and adds some information issued from samplings performed by one of the authors in both
islands. It also makes comparisons with the aphidiine fauna of Macaronesia and presents an
alphabetically sorted list of species. A total of 18 aphidiine species are reported for Madeira
Archipelago, including a new record from Porto Santo, the aphid parasitoid Aphidius trau-scaspicus
Telenga.
Aphid fauna of Madeira Archipelago may be regarded as an extension of the western
Mediterranean, and aphidiine fauna may be interpreted in the same sense. However, adding
to the resemblance with Mediterranean biodiversit) , some similarities with Ethiopian biodi-versity
were apparent in Porto Santo, suggesting adaptation to the edaphoclimatic differ-ences
this island presents when compared to Madeira Island.
Key words: Aphidius tramcaspicus, Aphidiinae, Madeira, Porto Santo.
RESUMEN
Este trabajo analiza la informacion existente sobre la biodiversidad de los parasitoi-des
de afidos del archipielago de Madeira, enumera las especies conocidas en las islas de
Madeira y Porto Santo, y anade informacion resultante del muestreo realizado por uno de
los autores en ambas islas. A su vez se compara con la fauna de afidiinos de la Macaronesia
y se presenta una lista ordenada alfabeticamente. Se registran un total de 18 especies de afi-diinos
del archipielago de Madeira, incluyendo una nueva cita para Porto Santo, el parasi-toide
de afidos Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga.
* Work presented at the "XIII Congresso Iberico de Entomologia", Seia (Portugal), 8-12 September 2008.
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La fauna de afidos del archipielago de Madeira se puede considerar una extension de
la del Mediterraneo occidental, y la fauna de afidiinos tambien puede ser caracterizada de la
misma manera. Sin embargo, para la isla de Porto Santo, ademas de las semejanzas con la
diversidad biologica del Mediterraneo, se ban observado similitudes con la etiopica, debido
probablemente a sus adaptaciones a las diferencias edafoclimaticas de esta isla en compara-cion
con la de Madeira.
Palabras clave: Aphidius transcaspicus, Aphidiinae, Madeira, Porto Santo.
1. INTRODUCTION
Aphidiines are aphid parasitoids which may play an important role in aphid pest con-trol.
The knowledge of their biodiversity over different ecosystems is essential for the devel-opment
of environmentally friendly methodologies of plant protection. Data on plant hosts
of parasitoids are important to implement ecological structures that favour their multiplica-tion
in the ecosystem.
The present work (i) analyses the available information on the diversity of these
organisms in Madeira Archipelago (GRAiiAM [8]; STARY et al. [15]; CECILIO et al [6];
VAN ACHTERBERG & AGUIAR [17]), (ii) lists the species known for Madeira and Porto
Santo Islands, (iii) adds some information issued from samplings performed by one of the
authors in both islands, (iv) relates the results with the aphidiine distribution in Macaronesia
(GUERRERO & KOPONEN [9]; BAEZ et al. [2]; BAEZ et al. [1]; BORGES et al. [3];
SIMOESer^/. [12]).
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS
The analysed data concern ten parasitoid samples collected by one of us (M.T.P.), in
agricultural areas and in spontaneous vegetation of Madeira Archipelago (Madeira and
Porto Santo islands), between 1998 and 2000. Some samples correspond to vagrant speci-mens,
while others emerged from aphid mummies. The samples including the plant parts
supporting the living or mummified aphid colonies were kept inside plastic boxes with mesh
covers until parasitoid emergence.
Aphidiines were preserved in ethanol, following the usual procedures. Sample No.
1 142 belongs to the Aphidiine Collection of Esta9ao Agronomica Nacional (CAFEAN). The
other samples belong to the Aphid (or Parasitoid) Collection of the second author, and their
code references start with a letter (e.g. A321 or PI 33). Aphid host plants, aphid mummies
and parasitoids were all identified.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Following the analysis of the collected samples, six aphidiine species were identi-fied,
belonging to the Aphidiinae subfamily of the Braconidae family: Aphidius ervi
Haliday, \S34; Aphidius transcaspicusJelenga, \95S; Binodoxys angelicae (HaViday, 1833);
Diaeretiella rapae (Mcintosh, 1855); Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall, 1896) and
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Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880), One of them is a new record for Porto Santo Island
and for the Archipelago: A. tramcaspiciis. The identification of three damaged specimens
was not possible.
Aphidiines are alphabetically listed and the following information is given: island,
associated aphid species (when known), record number, place of collection, date, host plant
(when known), number of specimens per sample and sex of the specimen (within brackets).
With the present contribution, the number of aphidiine species known in the Archipelago
increases to 18, of which 15 are in Madeira and 7 in Porto Santo (Table I).
Material studied:
Aphidius ervi Haliday, 1834
MADEIRA: mummy of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris, 1776), A96, 19 March 1998,
Vicia sativa L. (I 9).
Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga, 1958
PORTO SANTO: CAFEANl 142, Posto Agrario do Farrobo, Farrobo, 21 May 1998,
vagrant on Arimdo donax L. (1 9).
Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday, 1833)
MADEIRA: A345, Posto Agrario das Preces, Preces, 14 April 1999, vagrant on
Citrus limon (L.) Burm. fil. (1 9).
Binodoxys sp.
MADEIRA: A3 10, Posto Agrario das Preces, Preces, 19 March 1999, vagrant on
Citrus limon (L.) Burm. fil. (1 9); A699, 18 May 1999, vagrant on Citjus limon (L.)
Burm. fil. (1 9); PI 08, Posto Agrario das Preces, Preces, 16 April 1999, vagrant on
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (IcT)
Diaeretiella rapae (Mcintosh, 1855)
MADEIRA: A1769/P133, 23 February 2000, vagrant on Brassica oleracea L., with
Brevicoiyne hrassicae (Linnaeus) colony (1).
Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall, 1896)
MADEIRA: A255, Lombo de Sao Joao, Ponta do Sol, 8 February 1999, vagrant on
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, with Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy) colony (I9,
Icfcf), col. M.T.Pita, A.M.F.Aguiar and J.Jesus; A593, Posto Agrario de Santana,
Santana, 14 May 1999, vagrant on Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, With Aphis spiraeco-la
Patch colony (1 9).
Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880)
MADEIRA: A321, "Vila Concei9ao", Boa Nova, Sao Gon^alo, 13 April 1999,
vagrant on Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, with Aphis gossypii Glover colon} (89,
8crcr).
The following genera of the subfamily Aphidiinae (Aphidius. Binodoxys,
Diaeretiella, Ephedrus, Lysiphlebus. Pauesia. Praon. Trioxys) are known in Madeira
Archipelago (VAN ACHTERBERG & AGUIAR [17]) (Table I): eight for Madeira Island
and four for Porto Santo. Three of the seven species known in Porto Santo have not been
found in Madeira Island.
In previous reports on Aphidiinae of Madeira Archipelago, trophic relationships host
plant-aphid-parasitoid have been described for Aphidius colemani, A. ervi, Aphidius fune-bris,
B. angelicae, D. rapae, L. fabarum and L. testaceipes (STARY et al. [15]; CECILIO
et al. [6]). However, such relationships are not described for the other species (GRAHAM
[8]). Aphidius transcaspicus was observed vagrant on Arundo donax L., and the aphid genus
Hyalopterus is a potential host (KAVALLIERATOS & LYKOURESSIS [10]). Aphidius ervi
is a parasitoid of aphids that usually occur on Leguminosae and Gramineae (COSTA [7]).
Aphidius matricariae is a very polyphagous species, both of herb aphids and of arboreous
aphids, and Aphidius rhopalosiphi is a parasitoid of grass aphids (CECILIO [4]). Parasitoids
of the genus Pauesia parasitize Cinara aphids which may behave as a pest on Pinus sp.
Trioxys pallidus is a parasitoid of aphids belonging to the Drepanosiphidae family, and is
known for its efficiency in reducing populations of Chromaphis juglandicola (Kaltenbach),
a walnut aphid pest (CECILIO & ILHARCO [5]).
The aphid fauna of Madeira Archipelago may be regarded as an extension of the
western Mediterranean aphid fauna, and aphidiine fauna may be interpreted in the same
sense (STARY et al. [15]). However, adding to the resemblance with Mediterranean biodi-versity,
the presence of Aphidius colemani in Porto Santo reveals similarities with Ethiopian
biodiversity (STARY & VAN HARTEN [14]; STARY et al. [16]), suggesting adaptation to
the edaphoclimatic differences that this island presents, when compared to Madeira Island
(CECILIO et al. [6]). Within the Macaronesian area (Table II), a similar occurrence is
observed for Santiago Island (Cape Verde Islands) and Lanzarote Island (Canary Islands)
concerning^, colemani (VAN HARTEN [18]; BAEZ et al. [2]), that share some edaphocli-matic
conditions with Porto Santo.
The known biodiversity of Macararonesian Aphidiinae (Table II) is reduced when
compared to other insect groups such as the aphids. According to GUERRERO & KOPO-NEN
[9] for the Braconidae of Canary Islands this suggests less thoroughness of study for
this group of insects. Four species of aphid parasitoids are known for Azores (BORGES et
al. [3]) and only two for Cape Verde Islands (BAEZ et al. [1]). VAN HARTEN [19] previ-ously
referred the scarcity of aphidiines for this archipelago. Only the cosmopolitan species
Diaeretiella rapae is common to four archipelagos (Azores, Canary, Cape Verde and
Madeira). Two species, Lysiphlebus fabarum and Lysiphlebus testaceipes that commonly
parasitize the Aphis genus, are present at three of them (Azores, Canary and Madeira); the
former is a Palaearctic species and the second, a Nearctic one, that is also present in South
Africa (MACKAUER & STARY [11]), currently adapted in the Mediterranean area.
Another species, Aphidius funebris, also present in the same three archipelagos, is a para-sitoid
of Uroleucon genus, known from Europe and North of Africa (MACKAUER &
STARY [11]).
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Aphidiine species from Madeira Archipelago Madeira Archipelago
Madeira Porto Santo
Aphidius colemani Viereck, 1912 PS
Aphidius ervi Haliday, 1834 MA PS
Aphidius fimebhs Mackauer, 1961 PS
Aphidius matricariae Haliday, 1834 MA
Aphidius picipes (Nees, 1811)* MA
Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez, 1902 MA
Aphidius ?ribis Haliday, 1834 MA
Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao, 1959 MA
Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga, 1958 PS
Aphidius urticae Haliday, 1834 MA
Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday, 1833)** MA PS
Diaeretiella rapae (Mcintosh, 1855) MA PS
Ephednis plagiator (Nees, 1811) MA
Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall, 1896) MA PS
Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880) MA
Pauesia picta {HdAiddiy, 1834) MA
Praon volucre (Haliday, 1833) MA
Trioxys pallidus [WdiMdiy, 1834) MA
Total 15 7
TOTAL ARCHIPELAGO 18
Table I.- List of aphidiine species recorded from Madeira Archipelago (Madeira and Porto Santo Islands).
* This species was previously reported for this Archipelago with the following synonNms: Aphidius avenae
Haliday, 1833; Aphidius pascuorum Marshall, 1896 (STARY [13]).
** This species was previously reported for this Archipelago with the synonym Trioxys angelicae (Haliday, 1833).
65
Aphidiine species from Macaronesia Macaronesia
AZ MD CN CV
Aphidius colemani Viereck, 1912 MD CN cv
Aphidius ei-vi Haliday, 1834 MD CN
Aphidius funebris Mackauer, 1961 AZ MD CN
Aphidius hieraciorum Stary, 1 962 CN
Aphidius matiicahae Haliday, 1834 MD CN
Aphidius picipes (Nees, 1811) MD CN
Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez, 1 902 MD
Aphidius ?ribis Haliday, 1834 MD
Aphidius rosae Haliday, 1 834 CN
Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao, 1959 MD
Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga, 1958 MD
Aphidius urticae Haliday, 1834 MD
Aphidius sp. CN
Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday, 1833) MD CN
Bijiodoxys brevicornis (Haliday, 1833) CN
Diaeretiella rapae (Mcintosh, 1855) AZ MD CN CV
Ephedrus niger Gautier, Bonnamour & Gaumont, 1929 CN
Ephedrus persicae Froggatt, 1 904 CN
Ephedrus plagiator (Nees, 1811) MD
Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady, 1978 CN
Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall, 1896) AZ MD CN
Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880) AZ MD CN
Monoctonia pistaciaecola Stary, 1 962 CN
Pauesia picta (Haliday, 1 834) MD
Praon vohicre (Haliday, 1833) MD CN
Trioxys auctus (Haliday, 1833) CN
Trioxys pallidus (Haliday, 1834) MD
Trioxys pannonicus Stary, 1 960 CN
Trioxys sp. CN
Total 4 18 19 2
Table II.- Presence of aphidiine species in Macaronesia: AZ (Azores Archipelago), MD (Madeira Archipelago),
CN (Canary Islands) and CV (Cape Verde Islands).
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4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are grateful to Dr. Petr StarV' (Institute of Entomolog\, Academ\ of
Sciences of the Czech Republic), for the identification of some specimens and to Dr. Gloria
Ortega (Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain) for kindly jjroviding
some bibliography otherwise difficult to obtain.
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