Studies in the Canary Islands Flora: the vegetation of Punta de Teno, Tenerife

              Studies in the Canary Islands Flora:
P.* m 1 ne iíégetotion o j Punta de Teno, 1 enerife
By David Bramwell *
I n t r o d u c t i o n
The Punta de Teno is situated at the extreme north-west
point of Tenerife, the largest of the Canary Islands (see fig.
1). The flora is very rich and interesting, comprising some
310 species, many of which are endemic and relict. There
have not previously been any detailed studies of this flora
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(1948-9) briefly mention the area and Salter gives a shori
physical description.
Until recently the Punta de Teno was very isolated and
difficult to get to but a tunnel has been constructed through
the cliffs linking the area with the town of Buenavista del
Norte. The area is scheduled for development as a tourist
centre and agricultura1 area and the building of a small air-port
is plaiimd. Work has di-eady started on banaiia plaiita-tions,
vineyards and tourist facilities so that it seemed worth-while
to make a survey of the natural plant comrnunities
and a floristic list for the area before the vegetation is alte-red
or destroyed.
TOPOGRAPHYANDGEOLOGY
The area included in this study is a broad, flat coastal
platform of fairly recent Quaternary origin (Hausen 1956)
covering an area of some 24.5 square kilometres. It consists
of a more or less leve1 area of cinder (lapilli), scree and vol-
* Department of Botany, University of Reading; Reading, U.K.
Figure 1: Sketch map of the Teno region showing area studied.
canic debris ranging from sea-leve1 to c. 100 metres. The
platform slopes gently to the sea to the west and north. The
extreme point, the P'aro de Teno, is a projection of iapiiii
and lava debris which has a very characteristic flora with a
strong North African element.
To the east and south the area rises more steeply to rug-ged
cliffs of over 700 m. These cliffs, of old Tertiary basalt,
form the northern boundary of the Teno massif, a group of
rugged, deeply eroded mountains making up one of the two
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The cliffs have an endemic flora some of which is in
danger of becoming extinct due to the destruction of critica1
habitats during road and tunnel construction.
CLIMATE
Tenerife has a Mediterranean type of climate with a
season of winter rain with a peak of about 40 mm. per month
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1 mm. of rainfall per month, usually occurs from July to Sep
tember. The Teno cliffs harbour temporary streams during
the winter months though these do not contribute a great
deal to the water available for plant growth as they casca-de
a u i c k l~d own the cliffs to the sea. The winter rainfall in
the area is, however, supplemented by sea-mists which pe-riodically
engulf the whole area and this helps to explain the
richness and density of the vegetation cover. During the
summer months the Punta is very dry and only the succu-lent
and other drought-resisting species manage to thrive.
After the winter rains, many annuai species of Mediterra-nean
and North African affinity germinate and complete
their life-cycle before the beginning of the dry sumrner sea-son.
VEGETATION
According to the major divisions of the vegetation of Te-nerife
given by various authors (Christ, 1885; Salter, 1918;
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Teno lies within the African or Coastal zone (sub-division 2;
Volcanic Desert of Salter). The phytosociology of this type
of zone for the island of Gran Canaria, and to a limited ex-tent
Tenerife, has been discussed in detail by Rivas & Es-teve
(1964) and the phytosociological description of the Te-no
vegetation given in this paper will follow their system
and nomenclature.
Thc vegctation of thc Punta de Tcno is of two basic ty-pes;
1. The cliff vegetation of El Fraile and the other ba-salt
buttresses to the east and south; 2. The succulent-
Euphorbia dominated communities of the coastal platform.
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BETALIA MACARONESICA Rivas & Esteve.
1. Cliff Vegetation
The vegetation of the basalt cliffs, particularly to the
east (El Fraile, Roque Ardenne) contains many endemic
species. The cliff communities correspond in many ways to
the 'Tabaibal petrano' of Rivas & Esteve and fa11 within their
association AEONIO-EUPHORBETUM CANARIENSE (see
fig. 2) but because of the large number of rare local ende-mics
the composition of the association is somewhat diffe-rent
from that described by these authors and a fairly com-plete
list of the endemic species is given.
Aeonio-Euphorbeturn canariense Rivas & Esteve, spc-cies
list Cliffs cf. E. Fraile:
Aeonium tabulaeforme (Haw). W. & B. Echium strictum L.fil. var.
A. haworthii (Salm.Dyke) W. & B. exasperatum Webb
Monanthes silenris (Praeger.) Svent. E. aculeatum Poiret
M. polyphylla Haw. Sideritis argosphacelus Clos.
M. subcrassicaulis (O. Ktze.) Praeg. var. tomentosa Pitard.
Polycarpaea carnosa Chr. Sm. Centaurea canariensis Brouss.
Cheiranthus virescens Webb ex Christ var. subexpinnata Burchd
Euphorbia aphylla Brouss. Chrysanthemum frutescens L.
E. bourgeauana Gay C. grandiflorum Brouss.
E. atropurpurea Brouss. Sonchus radicatus Aiton
Limonium fruticans (Webb) O. Ktze. S. tuberifer Svent.
Lotus gloucus Aiton. Tolpis crassiuscula Svent.
Lavatera acerifolia Cav. Rerchardia crystallina (Webb & Berth)
Ceropegia dichotoma Haw. R. intermedia (Sch. Bip) Asch.
Dactylis smithii Link Vieraea laevigata Webb
Brachypodium arbuscula Gay
2. Coastal Platform Vegetation.
The coastal platform vegetation comes within the allian-ce
KLEINIO-EUPHORBION CANARIENSE Rivas & Este-ve
and can be sub-divided into two associations:- A. RU-BIO-
EUPHORBETUM CANARIENSE and B. ASTYDA-X
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in abundance in the area. The two associations form
a scrub vegetation of stem-succulents and other drought re-sisting
species.
A. Rubio-Euphorbetum canariense Rivas & Esteve.
TE.is arcnciatigfi is &c&r r&t& t~ thp Ruh?:n-JZupb~~-
betum described by Rivas & Esteve from Gran Canaria but
is here characterised by Ceropegia dichotoma Haw., an al-most
leafless stem-succulent which occupies a dominarit po-sition
in the vegetation of the eastern part of the coastal plat-form.
The following species are most commonly found in the
association in this area:
Ceropegia dichotoma Haw. Rubia fruticosa Ait
F~~p h n r h iann hylla Brouss. Messerschmidia fruticosa L.f
E. balsamifera Aiton sspangustifolia (Lam.)
E. regis-jubae Webb & Berth. Withania aristata (Aiton) Pers.
E. atropurpurea Brouss. Limonium pecfinatum (Aitm) O.Ktze
E. rnnnrieniir TJ. var. solandri (Webb & Berth.) 0.Ktze.
Neocharnaelea pulverulenta (Vent.) G. Sideritis argosphacelus Cios
Erdtm. S. nervosa Chnst
Echium aculeatum Poiret Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass.
Justicia hyssopifolia L. Launaea arborescens (Batt.) Murb.
-8-
This association is found on the littoral fringe of the
Punta de Teno below about 20 or 30 metres and also on the
small promontory of the Faro de Teno, an area to which so-me
very rare species appear to be more or less restricted on
the north side of Tenerife (e.b. Reseda scoparia, Gzlmnocar-pos
salsoloides). This type of vegetation consists of an open,
low-growing scrub which, in winter and spring, contains
many ephemerals and therophytes. Many of the perennial
species are halophytes and are always found near sea-leve1
in the Canary Islands (Astydamia íatifolia, Euphorbia aphy-lla,
Limonium pectinatum). The following species are com-mon
:
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Aizoon canariensis L.
Atriplex glauca L.
Beta macrocarpa Guss.
Salsola longifolia Forsskal
Euphorbin balsamifera Aiton
E. canariensis L.
Polycarpaea teneriffae Lam.
GIii~i7is &i7:u:a Pc!ux!rr
Seseli webbii Coss.
Frankenia laevis L.
Echium bonnetii Coincy
Limonium pectinatum (Aiton) 0.Ktz.e.
var. solandri (Webb & Berth.) 0.Ktze.
Asteriscus aquaticus L.
Launaea arborescens (Batt.) Murb.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
I visited the Punta de Teno on many occasions during
the period October 1968 - August 1969 and collected speci-mens
there and recorded data for each month of the year du-ring
this period. By this method it has been posible to build
up a fairly complete picture of the flora and vegetation as it
exists today.
1 was helped on many occasions by Dr. Eric R. Svente-nius
of the Jardin de Aclimatación de Plantas de la Orotava,
Tenerife, bvth in the iield at Teno and in discussions of the
various aspects of the vegetation of the area concerned.
My complete set of Herbarium material from the Cana-ry
Islands and including voucher specimens from Teno will
be deposited in the Herbarium of the Department of Botany,
University of Reading (RNG) and duplicates will be placed
in the Herbario del Laboratorio de Botánica, Universidad de
Sevilla (SEV) .
CATALOGUE OF VASCULAR PLANTS
The catalogue consists of my own records and collec-tions.
1 have also studied the literature in general and have
added some well substantiated records from reliable sour-ces.
A number of species recorded and communicated to me
frirri ?he me-. hy Sventeniiic have alce heen incliided. The
list has been made as complete as possible but there will
certainly be additions and new records from time to time
especially as agricultura1 expansion lakes place and new
weed species are introduced to the area.
For the purpose of the catalogue the area has been divi-ded
into six regions denoted by 1-6 in fig. 1. These regions
are :
The cliff vegetation of El Fraile.
The Rubio-Euphorbetum vegetation of the eastern part
of the coastal platform.
Rubio-Euphorbetum dominated by Euphorbia canarien-sis
in the centre of the area.
The Faro promontory.
The littoral fringe.
Cliff and scrub vegetation of the southern boundary in-cluding
Barranco de la Cueva.
P T E R I D O P H Y T A
SELAGINELLACEAE
SELAGINELLA Beauv.
S. denticulata (L.) Link. Common, areas 1 & 6, on rocks
and cliffs in moist, shady places.
ASPLENIACEAE
A CDT P\TTTTliK T **"A YLI.&.L"A.L Y.
A. hemionitis L. Rare, areas 1 & 6, in crevices on basalt
cliffs especially in Barranco de la Cueva.
A. onopteris L. Very rare, single stations in areas 1 & 6
at 300m.
DAVALLIACEAE
DAVALLIA Sm.
D. canariensis (L.) Sm. Very common, areas 1, 2, 3 & 6,
on dry, sunny rocks. Not found in the littoral zone.
POLYPODIACEAE
POLYPODIÜIVI L.
P. australe Fee. Common, areas 1 & 6, in shady places
often in association with Monanthes spp.
ADIANTACEAE
ADIANTUM L.
A. reniforme L. Common, areas 1 & 6, forrning large co-lonies
on the eastern slopes of El Fraile, generally on cliffs.
GYMNOGRAMMACEAE
ANOGRAMMA Link
A. IrptophylLa (L.) Link. Ilare, areas 1 & 6, daiiip, sha-dy
places, in crevices or amongst boulders.
SINOPTERIDACEAE
CHEILANTHES Swartz
C. pulchella Bory. Rare, area 1, on the cliffs of El Frai-ie
and ñoque Ardenne.
C. maderensis Lowe. Very rare, area 6, a single speci-men
seen in Barranco de la Cueva.
NOTHOLAENA R. Br.
N. vellea (Ait.) Desv. Occasional, area 6, in the higher
p r t , 50hm. with C ~ ~ p ~ l a n t Fsamlsos l iiides.
G Y M N O S P E R M A E
CUPRESSACEAE
JUNIPERUS L.
J. phoenicea L. Very rare, area 6, shrub on the cliffs of
Barranco de la Cueva.
A N G I O S P E R M A E
RANUNCULACEAE
RANUNCULUS L.
R. cortusifolius Willd. Fairly common, areas 1, 2 & 6,
on damp shady slopes below cliffs, less frequent in 2, where
conaitions are arier.
PAPAVERACEAE
I'APATIER L.
Species of this genus are field and roadside weeds in this area
and seem to be spreading quickly along the new road.
P. dubium L. Rare, area l.
P. rhoeas L. Common along the road, spreading to other
areas.
P. somniferum L. Very common, area 1 before the tun-nel,
area 3 at edge of new plantations.
FUMARIACEAE
FUMARIA L.
Al1 species of this genus are found in areas 1 , 2 , 3 & 6, on rocky
ground and are somewhat weedy in their occurrence.
F. capreolata L.
,,,lxr,,,,, pur v b j rur u. T uaul.
F. muralis Sonder ex Koch.
F. montana Schmidt.
CRUCIFERAE
CHEIRANTHUS L.
C. virescens Webb ex Christ. Frequent, areas 1 & 6, on
rocky slopes. The variety latifolia Pit. occurs on the eastern
slopes of El Fraile.
CRAMBE L.
C. scaberrima Webb ex Christ. Frequent, area 1, on
cliffs of El Fraile, limited endemic of the western mountains
of Tenerife.
DESCURAINIA Webb & Berth.
D. rnillef~l", (Jaq.) Wzbb UE Ycrth. Freqüent ir, areas
1 & 6. Widespread species of the western Canaries.
YRUCA. Miller
E. sativa Miller. Roadside weed of areas 1, 2 & 3.
ERUCASTRUM C. Presl.
E. canariense Webb & Berth. Frequent, area 1, semi-cul-tivated
ground and roadsides.
HIRSCHFELDIA Moench
H. incana (L.) Lagreze-Fossat. Common weed; 1 & 3
LEPIDIUM L.
L. sativum L. Roadside weed, areas 1 & 3.
LOBULARIA Desv.
L. intermedia Webb & Berth. Very common, areas 1, 2
& 6, on cliffs and rocks.
MATTHIOLA R. Br.
M. parviflora (Schousboe) R. Br. Very rare, area 1, a
single ssecimen from the east slopes of El Fraile.
NOTOCERAS R. Br.
N. bicorne (Aiton) Amo. Weed of cultivated fields; 1
PAROLINIA Webb
P. intermedia Svent. & Bramwell. Frequent in the up-per-
p al-i 3. is a recently &seovereds peeizc ende-mic
to the Punta de Teno.
RAPHANUS L.
R. raphanistrum L. Roadside weed, area 1.
SISYMBRIUM L.
S. irio L. Occasional weed 1 & 3, cultivated terraces.
ces.
CORONOPUS Haller
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RESEDACEAE
RESEDA L.
R. luteola L. Frequent, areas 1, 2 & 3, roadside weed.
R. scoparia Brouss. Very rare, area 4, prostrate, succu-ieni-
ieaveci fvrm cudined iu ihe Faro rücks.
FRANKENIACEAE
FRANKENIA L.
The species of this genus are found in the coastal region but
occasionally spread a little higher into the Rubio-Euphorbetum
community.
F. laevis L. var. capitata W. & B. Areas 3, 4 and 5.
F. pulverulenta L. Annual species, area 5, near the sea.
F. ericifolia Chr.Sm. Rare, areas 4 & 5, in communities
with Echium bonnetii.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
RHODALSINE Gay
R. gayana Webb ex Christ. Very rare in area 6. Recor-ded
by Sventenius, this species was previously regarded as
endemic to Fuerteventura.
HERNIARIA L.
H. hirsuta L. Rare, area 8, in open, stony ground.
GYMNOCARPOS Forsskal
G. salsoloides Webb ex Christ. Rare, area 4. A linear,
fleshy-leaved shrub found only on the Faro point, which
might best be considered as a subspecies of the more wides-pread
G. decandrum but the genus in the Canaries is in need
of critica1 study.
PARONYCHIA Miller
P. canariensis Juss. Common on the cliffs of areas 1 & 6,
also occasionally in Euphorbia scrub.
POLYCARPAEA Lam.
P. carnosa Chr.Sm. ex Buch. Rare, area 1 on cliffs of El
Fraile. The popuiation has been seriousiy depieteci ciuring
road and tunnel construction.
P. teneriffae Lam. Very common species found in al1
areas. P. teneriffae is a very variable species and several eco-logical
races occur. Especially notable are the succulent-lea-ved,
dwarf form of the littoral fringe and the large-leaved
form found on the screes formed in area 1 by the construc-tion
workings.
P. ~i%tüi¿i Ch. Siii. Rai-e, area 4, L cüiifined tu tlle Faro
point.
POLYCARPON Loefl. ex L.
P. tetraphyllum (L.) L. Occasional, areas 1 & 6, in scree
below cliffs.
MOEHRINGIA L.
M. trinervia (L.) Clairv. Common, area 3, in upper part
near the water canal.
SAGINA L.
S. maritima G. Don fil. Common, area 5, ephemeral in
herb layer of open Astydamia community.
SILENE L.
S. vulgaris (Moench) Garcke. Common, areas 1, 2 , 3 & 6,
roadside weed.
S. conoidea L. Rare, area 3, amongst rocks in Rubio-
Euphorbetum vegetation. Iberio-Mediterranean species found
by Sventenius, new record for the Canary Island flora.
S. gallica L. Comrnon, al1 areas, weed species.
S. apetala Willd. Rare, area 6, below cliffs in Bco. de la
Cueva.
SPERGULARIA (Pers.) J. & C. Presl.
S. rnarginata (DC.) Kittel. Common, areas 4 & 5, in the
littoral fringe.
S. fimbriata Boiss. Occasional, areas 3 & 5, amongst
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A U L A 3 a l L U 3 L A G G .
LINACEAE
LINUM L.
L. strictum L. Very common, area 5, in Launaea scrub.
MALVACEAE
LAVATERA L.
L. acerifolia Cav. Locally common, area 1, on basalt
-1;FFc. nf W1 Wrniln L I I L I O "1. Y1 iL I -AL-.
MALVA L.
M. parviflora L. Frequent weed species on cultivated
slopes, area 1, between El Fraile and Buenavista.
SIDA L.
S. rhombifolia L. ssp. canariensis Willd. Rare, area 1,
roadside, somewhat weedy species.
GERANIACEAE
ERODIUM L'Hér.
E. chium (L.) Willd. Common weed, areas 1, 2 & 6.
E. cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. Coinmon, areas 1 & 3, weed of
cultivated ground and roadsides.
E. malacoides (L.) L'Hér. Frequent, area 6, xerophytic
~~~~~hin lnwnr part ef Bcg. la Ci-leva UbL Uhl AA& I" v. LI
E. moschatum (L.) L'Hér. Frequent, area 1, in fields on
east slope of El Fraile.
GERAIu'Iüiví L.
G. molle L. Common, areas 1, 2, 3 & 6, weed of fields
and roadsides.
G. rotundifolium L. Areas 3 & 6, weed in the Teno Ba-jo
area.
"xA-j-ID*Cr;AE
OXALIS L.
0. pes-caprae L. Common, areas 1 & 2, introduced weed
common on the side of the road.
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
FAGONIA L.
F. cretica L. Common, areas 2, 3, 4 & 5, in Rubio-
Euphorbetum and littoral zones.
CNEORACEAE
NEOCHAMAELEA G. Erdtm.
N. pulverulenta (Vent) G. Erdtm. Widespread, al1 areas
except 4. Dominant in parts of areas 3 & 6.
RHAMNACEAE
RHAMNUS L.
R. crenulata Aiton. Frequent, areas 2, 3 & 6, shrub in
Rubio-Euphorbetum community.
R. integrifolia DC. Rare, area 6, on cliffs in upper part
of Barranco dc la Cueva.
LEGUMINOSAE
BISERRULA L.
B. pelecinus L. Area 1, weedy, on cultivated ground.
LATHYRUS L.
L. sativus L. Common, area 1, on abandoned terraces,
east slopes of El Fraile.
L. an_aulatus L. Common; 1 & 3; on new terraces.
LOTUS L.
L. glaucus Aiton. Very common, al1 areas, on cliffs and
amongst rocks.
L. sessilifolius DC. Frequent, areas 4 and 5, the variety
pentaphyllos Link occurs in the upper region of area 3 on
the cliffs.
MEDICAGO L.
Members of this genus are ephemerals in the herb layer of
most communities and occur as weeds in the cultivated areas.
M. polymorpha L.
M. l~ciz,ia¿a( L.)M i!!cr.
M. arabica (L.) Hudson.
MELMiL." Tli-t-t-o rali-s - R- -o hde ex Loisel.
"US Nliller
M. indica (L.) All. Frequent, area 1, roadside weed.
ONONIS L.
O. reclinata L. Common; 4 & 5; in the littoral region.
PSORALEA L.
P. bitwmi?zesa L. Ccmxxen, u!! areus, vurying fmm c=m-pact,
dwarf, short-lived perennial to a tal1 woody shrub over
1 m. tall.
SCORPIURUS L.
S. muricatus L. Frequent, areas 1 & 2, roadside weed.
TRIFOLIUM L.
Species occur in the herb layer of most communi,ties in the
area, many are weed of cultivated land.
T. n~l,omo L. T. rcnhrxm L.
T. dubium Sibth. T. tomentosum L.
T. fragiferum L. T. campestre Schreber
VICIA L.
V. cirrhosa Chr.Sm. Frequent, areas 1,3 & 6. Woody lia-na
often covering other shrubs such as Euphorbia canarien-sis
and Withania aristatu.
The following Vicia species occur as weeds of cultivated land
at the edges of terraces and roadsides in areas 1, 2, 3 & 6.
V. sativa L. V. lutea L.
V. bithynica (L.) L.
CRASSULACEAE
AEONIUM Webb & Berth.
A. canariense (L.) Webb & Berth. Common, areas 1 & 6,
on cliffs.
A. tabulaeforme (Haw.) Webb & Berth. Very common,
areas 1, 3 & 6, cliff plant. A form with severa1 basa1 rosettes
is common in this area. In most other places the species is
moncephalous.
A. haworthii (Sa1m.-Dyke) Webb & Berth. Common,
area 1, in soil pockets on cliffs.
A. urbicum (Chr. Sm. ex Buch) Webb & Berth. Com-mon
in area 1, occasional in areas 2 & 3. Monocarpic spccics.
AICHRYSON Webb & Berth.
A. laxum (Haw.) Bramwell. Abundant, areas 1 & 6, in
dry places on cliIIs and walls.
A. parlatorei Bolle. Common, areas 1 & 6, in dry beds
of temporary streams and on cliffs.
MONANTHES Haw.
M. laxiflora (DC.) Bolle. Very common, areas 1, 2, 3 &
6, hanging cliff plant.
M. silensis (Praeger) Svent. Common, areas 1, 2, 3 & 6,
in crevices and under overhangs on cliffs.
iví. subcrassicauiis (Sr. Kuntze j Praeger. Frequent, areas
1, 2 & 6, forming large clumps in sunny places on cliffs.
M. polyphylla Haw. Rare, areas 1, 2 & 6, less xerophy-tic
places than the previous species, on cliffs.
M. pallens (Webb) Christ. Rare, area 2, on cliffs.
UMBILICUS DC.
U. horizontalis (Guss.) DC. Rare, areas 1, 2 & 6, on
cliffs mainly in deeper crevices.
AIZOACEAE
AIZOON L.
A. canariense L. Abundant, areas 2, 3, 4 & 5, usually
near-leve1 but also as a roadside weed.
APTENIA N.E. Br.
A. cardijoiia (¿.fiij N.E.Br. Very common, aii areas, do-minant
over large areas of the littoral area.
MESEMBRYANTHEMUM L.
M. nodiflorum L. Common, lower parts of al1 areas.
(CACTACEAE)
Two introduced species o£ the genus Opuntia occur in the Te-no
area but these have not yet become the weed problem they
are in other areas of Tenerife.
OPUNTIA Miller
O. dillenii Haw.
0. ficus-indica (L.) Miller.
UMBELLIFERAE
.AJ.m1 L.
A. majus L. Occasional, area 1, roadside.
ASTYDAMIA DC.
A. latijolia (L.iil) 0.Kuntze. Common, areas 1, 2, 3, 4 &
5, most frequent in the littoral fringe but also on the Fraile
cliffs and in the Euphorbia vegetation up to 100 m.
CRITHMUM L.
C. maritimum L. Rare, coastal region of areas 3 & 5, ge-n~
r a l l yre placed by the previous species in the Teno area.
DRUSA DC.
D. glandulosa (Poiret) Bornm. Rare, area 1, cliffs of El
Fraile in damp, shady places.
FOENICULUM Miller
F. vulgare Miller. Common, areas 1, 2 & 3, roadside.
SCANDIX L.
S. pecten-ueneris L. Rare, area 6, lower part of Bco. de
la Cueva in grave1 patch in dry stream bed.
TINGUARRA Parl.
T. cervariaefolia Parl. Rare, areas 1 & 6, on cliffs.
TODAROA kur!.
T. aurea Parl. Occasional, area 2, in Ceropegiu scrub.
TOR-IL IS Adanson
1'. nodosa ( L j Gaertner. Common, area 0, darrip places
near temporary stream.
SESELI L.
S. webbii Coss. Common, areas 1, 3, 4 & 5, generally in
Rubio-Euphorbetum.
RUBIACEAE
GALIUM L.
G. aparine L. Occasional, areas 1 & 6, deep soil pockets
on shady cliffs.
G. ellipticum Willd. Common, area 1, east slopes of El
Fraile.
PEYLLIS L.
P. viscosa Webb & Berth. Frequent, areas 1, 2, 3 & 6, on
cliffs and in Euphorbia canariensis scrub.
RUBIA L.
R. fruticosa Ait. Very common, areas 1, 2, 3, 5 & 6. Do-mincint
nxrnr l a r g ~a rpar. ****A -...-a" - . --
On the cliffs of El Fraile the typical form is replaced
by ssp. melanocarpa.
R. fruticosa ssp. melanocarpa (Bornm.) Bramwell, comb nov.
(R. fruticosa var. melanocarpa Bornrn., Bot. Jahrb. 33: 390 (1904).
SHERARDIA L.
S. arvensis L. Common, areas 2 & 6, weeu at edges of te-rraces
and in xerophytic scrub.
VALERIANACEAE
CENTRANTHUS DC.
C. calcitrapa (L.) Dufr. Rare, areas 1 & 6.
VALERIANELLA Moench
V. eriocarpa Desv. Rare, area 6, grave1 patch.
COMPOSITAE
ANDRYALA L.
-A- . plnnntlfldn &ton. Fr e q i ~ n tfn~i. ind in al1 areas ex-cept
4 and the immediate littoral fringe. Very variable.
ARTEMISIA L.
A. canariensis Less. Common, areas 1, 2, 3 & 6, someti-mes
dorninant over areas of xerophytic scrub.
ASTERISCUS Moench
A. aquaticus Moench. Common, areas 3 & 5, in Astyda-mio-
Eup horbetum.
ATRACTYLIS L.
A. cancellata L. Rare; 3; below cliffs in Euphorbetum.
BIDENS L.
C. arvensis L. Common, area 1, weed on east slopes of
El Fraile spreading along the new road.
C. suffruticosa Vahl. Rare; 2; in scree below the cliffs.
CARDUUS L.
C. clavulatus Link. Common, areas 1, 2 & 6, roadside
and in cliffs.
CARLTNA L.
C. salicifolia Cav. Frequent; 1, 2, 3 & 6; shrub on cliffs.
CARTHAMUS L.
C. lanatus L. Frequent, area 1, roadside weed.
CENTAUREA L.
C. melitensis L. Rare, areas 1 & 3, roadside, probably
in the process of invading the Area.
C. canariensis Brouss. Frequent, areas 1 & 2, basalt cliffs
and screes occasionally also in Euphorbia scrub.
The variety subexpinnata Burchard with almost entire
leaves is endemic to the Fraile region.
CHRYSANTHEMUM L.
C. coronarium L. Frequent, areas 1 & 2, roadside weed.
C. foeniculaceum (Brouss.) Willd. Rare, area 6, cliffs in
Barranco de ia Cueva.
C. frutescens L. Common, al1 areas, very variable spe-cies.
The variety parviflorum Pit. generally considered to be
a Gomeran endemic also occurs in the upper part of area 3.
C. grandiflorum Brouss. (C. coronopifolium Auct. Ca-nar.
non Vill.). Frequent on the cliffs of area l. Hybridises
with C. frutescens on the scree formed during tunnel cons-truction.
LYXARA L.
C. cardunculus L. var. ferocissima Lowe. Occasional,
areas 1, 2 & 3, roadside.
ERIGERON L.
E. crispus Pourr. Common, areas 1,2 & 3, roadside weed.
FILAGO L.
F. pyrarnidata L. Frequent, areas 1, 2 & 6, on cliffs and
in Euphorbia vegetation.
GALACTITES Moench
G. tomentosa Moench. Very comrnon weed species, al1
areas except 4.
GONOSPERMUM Less.
G. fruticosum Less. Frequent, areas 1, 2, 3 & 6, shrub
particularly common on the cliffs of El Fraile.
IFLUGA Cass.
I. fontanesii Cass. Locally common, areas 4 & 5, ephe-mera1
herb of Astgdamio-Euphorbetum.
INULA L.
1. viscosa Aiton. Occasional, areas 1, 2, 3 & 6, roadsides
in Euphorbia scrub.
LACTUCA L.
L. serriola L. Occasional, areas 1 & 2, roadside weed.
LAUNAEA Cass.
L. arborescens (Batt.) Murb. Common, areas 2, 3, 4 & 5,
dominant in dry areas near the sea.
L. nudicaulis (L.) Hook. fil. Frequent, areas 2, 3 & 6,
stony roadside areas.
PALLENIS Cass.
P. spinosa (L.) Cass. Rare, area 2, open areas in Cero-pegia
communities.
nu A rcnr A T nxr m,,- r u n u ~ Y n u u l *~ 4 3 3 .
P. purpurascens Sch. Bip. Rare, areas 2 & 3, amongst
rocks in dry areas.
P. rupestre DC. Rare, area 6, amongst rocks in Barran-co
de la Cueva.
P. saxatile Cass. Common, areas 1, 2, 3 & 6, in xerophy-tic
scrub, a member of most communities.
REICHARDIA Roth.
R crystallina (Crh Rip ex W 8r B ) Rramwell, rnmh-nnv.
Picridium Crystallinum Sch.Bip. ex Webb & Berth., Phyt. Canar. 11, 452 (1850).
Rare, area 5, littoral fringe.
R. intermedia (Sch.Bip.) Ascherson. Locally common
areas 1, 2 & 6, basalt cliff plant.
R. tingitana (L.) Roth. Rare, area 5, single find near sea-level.
HEDYPNOIS Schreb.
H. rhagadioloides (L.) F.W. Schmidt. Common, areas 2,
3 & 6, weed.
SCHIZOGYNE Cass.
-.C. -r-m. i"r-o-n- Srh R i p Rxe, arpar 3 8r 5; foiind only in the
immediate coastal region.
SENECIO L.
S. cj. e~j~i r iuiu@s .fiij DC. Flt.yüt.iit, d i f k aiid shpes
of El Fraile area 1. My material is being examined by Dr.
Sventenius. The Teno plants differ from the normal fom in
severa1 characters.
S. kleinia L. Common; 2,3,5 & 6; in Rubio-Euphorbetum
S. toneriffno Sch Rip ex Webb & Berth. Rare, area 1,
cliffs of El Fraile. Member of the S. vulgaris complex with
large leaves and distinctive achenes.
PlTT TJnTTñ R A -1 _ .. _ .-
31L X. D U NI ALldllbUIl.
S. marianum (L.) Gaertn. Rare, area 3, with Launaea
arborescens.
SOLIVA Ruiz & Pavon
S. stolonifera Loud. Locally common, area 1, recent in-troduction
to the Teno area. spreadin along the road.
SONCHUS L.
S. jacquinii DC. Frequent, areas 1, 2 & 6, cliffs and
screes.
S. acaulis Dum. Cours. (S. congestus Auct. non Willd.).
Rare, area 2, in Rubio-Euphorbetum.
S. arboreus DC. Very rare, area 3, in Euphorbia cana-riensis
communities.
S. capillaris Svent. Frequent, areas 3 & 6, on cliffs in
Bco. de la Cueva and occuring almost down to sea-leve1 in
area 3.
S. radicatus Aiton. Frequent, area 1, cliffs of El Fraile,
hybridises with S. jacquinii on screes below the tunnel.
S. tenerrimus L. Common, areas 1, 2 & 3, roadside weed.
S. tuberifer Svent. Rare, cliffs of regions 2 & 6, var. la-tisecta
Svent. is frequent in Bco. de la Cueva.
TOLPIS Adanson
T. crassiuscula Svent. Rare; 1; wet cliffs of El Fraile.
T. laciniata Webb. Rare; 6; Bco. de la Cueva, on cliffs.
L. pectinatum (Ait.) O. Kuntze. Frequent, in al1 areas
except 6, near sea-level. The Teno plants can be refered to
the variety solandri (Webb & Berth.) O. Kuntze.
CAIvIPNNULACEAE
CAMPANULA L.
C. dichotoma L. Frequent, areas 3 & 5, open sandy pla-ces
near the sea.
WAHLENBERGIA Schrader ex Roth
W. lohelides (L.) DC. Cninmin, all areas exrept t h ~
extreme littoral fringe.
PRIMULACEAE
ANAGALLIS L.
A. arvensis L: Frequent, areas 1, 2 & 3, roadside weed.
ASTEIiGLI?TU?;I Hoffm. Link
A. linum-stellatum (L.) Hoffm. & Lk. Locally common,
areas 4, 5 & 3, near sea-level.
OLEACEAE
JASMINUM L.
J. odoratissimum L. Rare, areas 1 & 6, cliffs of eastern
side of El Fraile and upper part of La Cueva.
ASCLEPIADACEAE
CEROPEGIA L.
C. dichotoma Haw. Very common, areas 1, 2 & 3, domi-nant
species over wide areas of region 2.
PERIPLOCA L.
P. laevigata Aiton. Common, areas 1, 2, 3 & 6, often
twining in dense clumps of Euphorbia balsamifera and E.
canariensis.
GENTIANACEAE
CENTAURIUM J. Hill
C. pulchellum (Sw.) Druce. Common, area 3, near sea-level.
CONVOLVULACEAE
CONVOLVULUS L.
C. althaeoides L. Rare, area 1, edges of fields on the east
- 25 -
slopes of El Fraile.
C. floridus L.fil. Rare, areas 1 & 2, shrub in Rubio-
Euphorbetum.
C. s e ~ p a r imL . .!if EEarc, ürcü 3, amungst Eqhurbia m-nariensis
clumps.
CUSCUTA L.
C. pianifiora Ten. Common, areas i & 6, on Chrysanthe-rnurn
frutescens, areas 4 & 5 on Launaea arborescens.
BORAGINACEAE
ECHIUM L.
E. aculeatunz Poiret. Frequent, areas 1, 2, 3 & 6, gene-rally
xerophytic scrub plant but also found on cliffs of El
Fraile. Hybridises with E.strictum in Barranco de la Cueva
and E. bonnetii near the Punta de Teno.
E. bonnetii Coincy. Areas 3 & 5, single large and varia-ble
population including variants which have been described
qc ~ 7 - 1 . mnnhnlnnni7r\m T n-o onn lnrr,l\ nnA 77 Linm+,-m,nrn u u v u r . y u ~ i v y ~ u c u v v rULuL IIP \I&LUI ilca-LCVCL) auu U. JWC I L>CVCI(.-
turae Lems. This species seems to be related to the Medite-rranean
and North African species complex centred on E. sa-buiicoium
Pomei (E. confusum Coincy j, E. creticum L., and
E. tuberczilatum Hoffm. & Link.
E. lycopsis L. Frequent, area 1, roadside weed.
E. strictum L. fil. Common, areas 1 & 6, on basalt cliffs,
the Teno form is probably referable to var. exasperatum
Wehh.
MESSERSCHMIDIA L.
M. fruticosa L. Common, area 1, slopes below El Fraile.
Includirig ssp. wnyustifolia (Lam.), which in frecuent at Te-no
Bajo.
CAT A A T A P l i ' A l i ' L J V U L A I I I A U U L A U
LYCIUM L.
L. intricatum Boiss. Areas 2 & 3, shrub in Rubio-Euphor-beturn,
rare.
NICOTIANA L.
N. glauca Graham. Frecuent; 2,3 & 6; naturalised shrub.
SOLANUM L.
S. nigrurn L. Common, area 1, roadside below El Frai-
le, spreading.
Wl'i'HANlA Pauquy.
W. aristata (Aiton) Pers. Frequent, areas 2 & 3, tal1
shrub dominant near Teno Bajo.
GLOBULARIACEAE
GLOBULARIA L.
G. salicina Lam. Rare, area 6, upper part of Barranco de
la Cueva.
SCROPHULARIACEAE
CAMPYLANTHUS Roth.
C. salsoloides Roth. Rare, area 6, cliffs in Barranco de la
Cueva.
KICKXIA Dumort .
K. elatine (L.) Dumort. Rare, area 3, single collection at
edge of new banana terraces.
K. spartioides (Brouss.) Janchen. Rare, areas 3 & 6, in
Launaea scrub.
SCROPHULARIA L.
S. arguta Sol. ex Aiton. Rare, area 3, upper region be-low
cliffs.
OROBANCHACEAE
OROBANCHE L.
O. purpurea Jacq. Rare, area 3, parasitic on Launaea ar-borescens.
O. ramosa L. Rare, area 2, parasitic on Andryala pinna-tifida.
LABIATAE
AJUGA L.
A. iva (L.) Schreb. var. pseudiva (Robill. et Cast.)
Benth. Rare, area 3, xerophytic scrub.
BYSTROPOGON L'Hér.
B. plumosus L7Her. Very rare, area 3, upper region be-low
cliffs.
LAMIUM L.
L. hybridum Vill. Common, area 1, cliffs of El Fraile.
-T .- A - VA- -N- n.- T T- T- .- A - L.
L. pinnuta L. fil. Frequent, area 1, 2, 3 & 6, shrub in
Rubio-Euphorbetum.
MICROMERIA Benth.
M. cf. lasiophylla Webb & Berth. Rare, area 3, plants
collected on the dry slopes above the Punta de Teno seem
to be referable to this species.
M. ericifolia (Roth.) Bornm. (M. varia Benth.) Com-mon,
al1 areas except 4, very variable species of wide ecolo-gical
amplitude.
SALVIA L.
S. aegyptiaca L. Common; 2 & 3; in xerophytic scrub.
S. canariensis L. Frequent, areas 1, 2, 3 & 6, shrub in
Euphorbia scrub.
SlUEfllTlS L.
S. argosphacelus (Webb & Berth.) Clos. Frequent, areas
1, 2 & 3, on cliffs especially on El Fraile, the Teno form with
long hairs forming the indumentum is referable to var. to-mentosa
Pitard.
S. nervosa (Christ) Lindinger. Very rare, area S, very
restricted endemic of this area related to S. dendro-chaho-rra
Bolle and S. massoniana Benth. This species occurs in
communities ciominateci by Eupiaorbia haisamijera and Ce-ropegia
dichotoma.
TEUCRIUM L.
T. heterophyllum L'Hér. Very rare, area 3, shrub of
Euphorbia canariensis scrub.
ACANTHACEAE
JUSTICIA L.
J. h~ssopifoliaL . Rare, area 2, in the same community
as Sideritis nervosa.
PLANTAGINACEAE
PLANTAGO L.
P. amplexicaulis Cav. Rare, area 1, basalt cliffs in dry
soil pockets.
P. albicans L. Rare, areas 1 & 2, roadside in grave1 and
debris.
- 28 -
P. aschersonii Bolle. Common, areas 1, 4 & 5, coastal
&ffs, spi-eadhg rapidlY on iiew serees thz Fraile
nel.
P. lagopus L. Frequent, areas 1, 2, 3, 5 & 6, at the sides
of roads and tracks.
P. loeflingii L. Frequent, distribution restricted to dry
areas near the sea; 1; 4 & 5.
P. indica L. Rare, areas 3 & 5, coastal scrub with Lau-naea
arborescens.
AMARANTHACEAE
ACHYRANTHES L.
A. aspera L. Frequent, areas 1, 2 & 3, roadside weed.
AMARANTHUS L.
A. deflexus L. Rare, areas 1 & 3, roadside weed.
CHENOPODIACEAE
ATRIPLEX L.
A. glauca L. Area 5, common near sea-level.
A. cf. parvifolia Lowe. Area 5, seen only in the vegeta-t
i i r state, rure.
BETA L.
B. macrocarpa Guss. Frequent, areas 3 & 5, shrub in
coastai region.
B. vulgaris L. subsp. maritima (L.) Arc. Frequent, areas
2, 3 & 5, coastal región with Limonium pectinatum.
B. patellaris Moq. Rare, area 3, shrub in Launaea scrub.
CHENOLEA Thunb.
C. tomentosa (Lowe) Maire. Frequent, areas 3 & 5, coas-tal
scrub.
CHENOPODIUM L.
C. ambrosioides L. Frequent, areas 1, 2, 3, 5 & 6, weed
of cultivated areas and tracksides.
C. murale L. Common, areas 1, 2,3, 5 & 6, weed of most
areas, very variable.
SALSOLA L.
S. longifolia Forssk. Frequent; 5; in the littoral region.
S. kali L. Rare, area 5, in spray zone.
SUAEDA Forsskal
S. vera Forssk. ex Gmel. Frequent, area near sea-level.
POLYGONACEAE
EMEX Carilpd.
E. spinosa (L.) Campd. Common, area 3, weed of plan-tations
and roadsides.
POLYGONUM L.
P. aviculare L. Occasional; 3 & 6; in dry stream bed.
RUMEX L.
R. bucephalophorus L. ssp. canariensis (Steinh.) Rech.
fil. Common, al1 areas, very abundant in herb layer.
R. e7.-kps L. w---..--t "-,."o 1 2- 2 wnnac;an Tnona A' IGyULIIb, LIILaiJ Uí V, IVUU01UL V V L L U .
R. lunaria L. Common, areas 1, 2, 3 & 6, shrub in
Euphorbia communities.
EUPHORBIACEAE
EUPHORBIA L.
E. uphy~lu Br-uuss. Süiiiiiiüii, areas 1, 2, 4 & 5, often do-minant
near sea-leve1 especially in area 2.
E. atropurpurea Brouss. Rare, regions 1 & 6, shrub in
Euphorbia communities.
E. balsamifera Aiton. Common, areas 2, 3 & 5, the do-minant
species in area 2.
E. bourgeauana Gay. Locally common, areas 1 & 2, ap-pears
to be restricted to the vicinity of El Fraile which is its
locus classicus, usually on basalt cliffs. (Records of this spe-cies
from Gomera refer to E. lambii Svent.
E. canariensis L. Common, areas 1, 2,3, 5 & 6, dominant
in the upper part of 3.
E. obtusifolia Poiret. Common, areas 1, 2, 3, 5 & 6, the
western Canary Island form with small inflorescence bracts
and compound "umbels" seems to be referable to var. regis-jubae
(Webb & Berth.) Maire (E. regis-jubae Webb & Berth.).
Though both forms have been recorded from Teno. 1 have
seen only the western island form in the ama.
E. segetalis L. Occasional, area 1, roadside weed.
E. terracina L. Common, areas 1, 2 & 3, weed.
URTICA L.
U. stachyoides Webb. Rare, area 1, shady slopes of Ei
Fraile.
ORCHIDACEAE
HABENARIA Willd.
H. tridactylites Lindl. Rare, areas 1 & 6, soil pockets on
clif f s.
ORCHIS L.
O. patens Desf. var. canariensis Lindl. Rare, area 6, ba-salt
cliff in Barranco de la Cueva.
IRIDACEAE
GLADIOLUS L.
G. italicus Miller. Common, area 1, edge of fields on east
s!opzs of E! Frde.
ROMULEA Maratti
R. columnae S. & Maur. var. grandiscapa Gay. Rare,
areas 2 & 6, on dry rocky slopes.
AMARYLLIDACEAE
(Agave americanu L. is cultivated nedr Tem Eajo).
PANCRATIUM L.
P. canariense Webb & Berth. Frequent, areas 1, 2 & 6,
abundant on the east slopes of El Fraile.
rli~M"S L.
DIOSCOREACEAE
T. edulis Lowe. Rare, area 1, in Aeonio-Euphorbetum
on El Fraile.
LILIACEAE
ALLIUM L.
A. roseum L. Frequent, areas 1,2,3, 5 & 6, rocky screes
and roadsides.
A. vineale L. Occasional, area 1, slopes and rocks below
El Fraile.
A. ampeloprasum L. Frequent, areas 2 & 3, roadside and
terraces probably introduced for cultivation at the former
village of Teno Bajo.
ASPARAGUS L.
A. urburescer~s YYiiid. Rare, amas 3 & 6, iii E~phorbe-tum.
A. pastorianus Webb. Occassional, areas 1 & 2, spiny
shrub in Euphorbetum.
A. scoparius Lowe. Very rare, area 3, single find in cen-tre
of a l a r g ~rl i.imp nf Eqhorbia canariensis plants.
A. umbeílatus Link. Rare, areas 2 & 3, also in Euphor-bia
canariensis vegetation.
ASPHODELUS L.
A. microcarpus Viv. Occasional, areas 1 & 2, screes and
rocky slopes.
A. tenuiflorus Cav. Rare, area 3, cliffs in the upper part.
SCILLA L.
S. haem,orrhoidalis Webb & Berth. Frequent, areas 1, 2,
3, 5 & 6, geophyte on cliffs and in Euphorbia scrub.
URGINEA Steinheil
TT ....... :L /T \ n-l--- m A I o 9 Q- c
U . .r/~u./~clrrc(uL .)U CIKCLI ~.L C ~ U C L L L , a ~ c a u1, Y, r> UL u, iii
Euphorbetum.
U. maritima (L.) Baker var. hesperia (Webb & Berth.)
Svent. Rare, areas 3 & 5, dry places especially near sea-le-
J-"-iA-CACEAE
LUZULA DC.
L. cf. pilosa (L.) Willd. Rare, area 1, vegetative speci-mens
collected from the ledges of El Fraile.
JUNCUS L.
T ~ g p i t g t xT, >~I eig. ^ c ~ z r i e ~ $a reas 1, 2; & 6, rhacl_y pla- v .
ces usually on cliffs.
ARACEAE
ARISARUM Targ.
A. vulgare Targ. var. subexertum Engl. Locally fre-quent,
areas 1 & 6, slopes and screes below cliff.
CYPERACEAE
CAREX L.
C. divulsa Stokes. Rare, area 1, shady ledges on cliffs.
GRAMINEAE
AIRA L.
A. caryophyllea L. Abundant, areas 2, 3, 5 & 6, dry slo-pes
and screes in xerophgtic scrub.
ARISTIDA L.
A. coerulescens Desf. Common, al1 areas except 4, in
R o i h ~ n _ l ¡ ' o i m h n w h ~ t ~ ~n'n~ nr n r h r rrrrriinrl *uwwvv u w y i v v i wruwiiv V I L A " I A L J bL VUIIU.
BRACHYPODIUM Beauv.
B. arbuscula Gay. Very rare, area 1, occurs in a single,
smaii area on tne wesiern ciiiis of E;i Fraile.
BRIZA L.
B. maxima L. Frequent, areas 1 & 2, roadside.
BROMUS L.
B. madritensis L. Frequent; 2 & 3; edges of terraces.
R ~ i r i i r 7 q iRr nth Pnmmnn al1 araac grniind layer in mnrt u. . " ~ " W W Y-' .."-A. -----------,------.> --
communities.
CYNODON Rich.
C. dactyion (L. j Fers. Common, areas i, S, 3 & 5, proba-bly
introduced, roadside and on tracks and paths.
DACTYLIS L.
D. smithii Link. Rare, area 1, eastern cliffs of El Fraile.
ERAGROSTIS Host.
E. poaeoides PB. Rare, area 3, in Launaea arborescens
scrub.
HYPARRHENIA Anderss.
H. hirta (L.) Stapf. Very common, al1 areas, dominant
in ground layer over wide areas.
LAMARCKIA Moench
L. aurea (L.) Moench. Frequent, areas 1, 2, 4 & 5, espe-cially
in dry areas near sea-level.
LOLIUM L.
L. canariense Steudel. Rare, area 1, roadside below the
Fraile Cliffs.
L. multiflorum Lam. Abundant, areas 2 & 3, in xero-phytic
scrub.
ORYZOPSIS Michx.
O. miliacea (L.) Asch. & Schweinf. Frequent, areas 2
& 3, edges of terraces and paths.
PHALARIS L.
P. coerulescens Desf. Kare, area 1, roadside near Fraile
tunnel (Mirador de Pompeii) .
POLYPOGON Desf.
P. monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Rare; 4 & 5; near sealevel.
SETARIA Beauv.
C n 7 , i n r n n /T \ DR. A h i r n r l n n t . nlir\r\n 1 9 2 F; Qr R ~ r r n n A Vi yUCL.WCIUi \Y., I U L Z h l L * I I . A U I I U , UILU.3 A, Y, V , V U u, ""LLU
along paths and edges of fields.
TRICHOLAENA Schrader
T. teneriffae (L. fil) Link. Frequent, areas 1, 2, 3 & 6,
xerophytic scrub.
VULPIA C.C. Gmelin
V. bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray. Frequent, areas 1, 2 & 3,
roadside and in Rubio-Euphorbetum.
V. ~ " L L T G(SL .) Gme!. Rure, ureu 2, rmdside 2nd in fm-mely
cultivated ground.
HORDEUM L.
H. murinum L. Frequent; 1, 2, 3 & 5; roadside weed.
Field-work for this study was carried out with the aid of a
Beca de Intercambio for study of the Canary Island flora at the
University of Sevilla generously given by the Consejo Superior
de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid during the period October
1968 - August 1969. 1 am grateful to Professor E. Fernández-Ga-liano
for allowing me the use of facilities at Sevilla and to Dr.
Eric R. Sventenius for al1 his help in the field, with identification
and discussion, and for his generous hospitality and assistance du-ring
my stay in the Canary Islands.
Dr. Wolfredo Wildpret de la Torre of the University of La
Laguna, Tenerife, was extremely helpful with interesting discus-sion
of the phytosociology of the area and of the vegetation of Te-nerife
in general. 1 would also like to offer my thanks to various
other people too numerous to mention individually who assisted
my wiie and myseii in many ways during our stay in the Canary
Islands.
Finally 1 must express my gratitude to Professor V.H. Hey-wood
of the Botany Department, Reading, who has encouraged
and supervised my Canarian studies over a number of years.
SUMMARY
The vegetation of the Punta de Teno, Tenerife, has been stu-died
in relation to topography, geology and climate.
The vegetation is classified using the phytosociological system
of Rivas Goday & Esteve Chueca (1964) and includes lists of im-portant
species especially rare endemics for ea& type of commu-nity.
A catalogue of al1 species of vascular plants known from the
area has been compiled and contains some 310 species.
RESUMEN
Se describe la vegetación y flora de la Punta de Teno, Teneri-fe,
e, re!uciSn c m !u tqmgrufiu, gedagic, y clima.
Se clasifican las asociaciones de plantas utilizando sistema y
nomenclatura de Rivas Goday y Esteve Chueca (1964). Se cita lis-tas
de especies importantes, especialmente cndémicas raras, para
cada tipo de comunidad.
Se presenta un catálogo de todas las plantas vasculares (ca.
21 n especies) encmtrudus en e! &ea. "A"
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