Contributions to the flora of the Canary Islands (especially Tenerife)

              1
1 Cuad. Bol. Cimar. EX: 31 - 59; 1916 I
I
Contributions to the Flora o/ the Canary Islands
(especially Tenerif e)
Botanical Museuni, Copenhagen, Denmark
Resumen
C~ntrihucicmorn l c~n~cimiondot ~!n florn do ! m I s l m Ccnn-rias,
especialmente de Tenerife: Como adiciones florísticas
se presenta Arnaranlhus quitensis, Kochia scoparia, Anacy-cius
radiatus, Asier iaevis y A. ianceoiaius, Guizoiia abyssi-nica,
Helianthus annuus, Hypochoeris radicata, Ipomoea cai-rica,
Euphorbia inaequilatera, Pennisetum purpureum, Se-taria
chevalieri, Oenothera suaveolens, Oxalis corymbosa y
0. latifolia, Salpichroa origanifolia, Solanum cf. bonariense
y S. mauritianurn, y Zostera marina. Se mencione, además,
otros géneros (Bidens, Leontodon, Tragopogon, Aristida,
Chloris, Digitaria, Pennisetunz, Polypogon, Sida, Aphanes y
Bupleurum), discutieridu su presencia y su valor taxunómico.
During the last 20 years several botanists from various
countries have contributed largely to the flora of the Cana-ry
Islands thanks to the development of tourism which has
made the Islands a popular and easily attainable destination
for so many people. The following contributions to the Ca-narian
flora are partly the result of 2 such visits by the au-thor
(Gran Canaria dec. 1964-jan. 1965, Tenerife oct. 1969),
partly due to an examination of plant material from these
islands collected by other botanists and of older material kept
in the Herbarium, Bot. Museum, Copenhagen. 1 wish here
to express my sincere thanks to the gentlemen: N. Kaae,
Skodsborg, S. Laegird, Aarhus and F. Mang, Hamburg, who
al1 placed some of their material at my disposal for determl-nation.
Further Sr. G. Kunkel, Tafira Alta, Gran Canaria, has
sent me come material fnr detwmination nr v ~ r i f i r e t i n n2~n d
the Botanical Museum, Oslo, has kindly sent me some plants
of J. Lid's Canarian collections on loan.
Most of the plants treated in this paper are adventives
or garden-escapes, established or not, a flora-group which
to come extent has been neglected by the resideiit and vi-siting
botanists. Of course the native plants and particularly
the highly interesting endenlic species among them have
Q V U V ~al l atii-acied iiit: aiieriiiuri uf iiie hiaiiisib. Dui ir1 iile
future the adventitious flora will play an increasing role in
the flora of the Canaries due to the advancing devastation
and reduction of the original vegetation, a highly regretta-ble
but apparently unavoidable fact.
A m a r a n t h a c e a e :
Amaranthus gracilis Desf. Tenerife: In arable field at
San I;ligüc! vvest of ~i-una&!!a, 1965, N. Kaae, at Las
letas, 1967, N. Kaae, in dunes at El M6dano and in Barranco
de los Valos, 1968, F. Mang; further observed in several
waste places in and around Puerto de la Cruz; 1969. Mentio-ned
by Lems (1960) without precise statements from thc
various islands. Kunkel (1968) recorded the plant from Gran
Canaria.
Amaranthus graecizans L. (A. angustif olius Lam.) . Ba-rranco
de los Valos, Tenerife-South, 1068, F. Mang. Recor-ded
from Gran Canaria by Kunkel (1968), and A. silvestris
Desf. mentioned by Lems (1960) without any precise state-ments
from the various isiands may be the same piani.
Amaranthus muricatus (Moq.) Gillies. Common in was-te
places in Puerto de la Cruz and Santa Cruz, Tenerife, 1969;
dunes at El Médano, Tenerife-South, 1968, F. Mang. Already
recorded from Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and Gran Cana-ria
(Kunkel 1967a, Lid 1968). A native of Argentina and
Chile.
Amaranthus quitensis HBK. In arable field near the air-port
Los Rodeos, La Laguna, Tenerife, 1969 (well developed
and in flower and fruit). New to the Canary Islands. A nati.
ve of tropical and subtropical S. América.
C a r y o p h y l l a c e a e :
Spery-,lG ri¿bTu (L.j Eietr. as by Lid 1968 (fiY
Lems 1960 as Spergularia rubra Presl) most likely has to be
referred to the taxon Spergularia bocconei (Scheele) Asch.
& Graebn. (S. atheniensis LHeldr. & Sart.1 Asch. & Schwe-inf.).
It resembles much S. rubra but is separated by broad-ly
triangular. dull (not silvery) stipules and smn l l ~ rf l nw~r . ;
(ca. 2-3 mm against 3-5 mm in S. rubra). It occurs in sw.
Europe, N. Africa, the Near East, Madeira, while S. rubra
is xvxvridzsprza~ inrn vst of EUrope, N. Afiica, Asid aiid inilci-duced
elsewhere (N. América, Australia). One sheet with
specimens from Arucas, Gran Canaria 1897, leg. O. Gelert
(Herb. Copenh.) seen.
C h e n o p o d i a c e a e :
Chenopodium multifidum L. Las Vegas (ca. 1300 m)
east of Granadilla, Tenerife-South, 1968, F. Mang. Hitherto
recorded only from Santa Cruz, Tenerife, and from one lo-cality
on Gran Canaria (Kunkel 1967). A perennial herb and
a native of S. América, now a more or less cosmopolitan
weed.
Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. Waste place in Punta Bra-va
west o£ Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, 1969, N. Kaae. A
variable, annual weed new to the Canary Islands, a native of
Central Asia but introduced in many parts of the world. A
sterile garden-form, l. tricl~ophila (hort.) Sch. & Thell. is
often cultivated in gardens.
C o m p o s i t a e :
Anacyclus radiatus Loisel. Waste place near the airport
Los Rodeos, La Laguna, Tenerife, 1969. New to the Canary
Islands. A common weed in the Mediterranean region.
Aster. A. squamatus (Spreng.) Hiern. recently intr-odu-ced
to the Canary lslands and mentioned by Kunkel (19tir/),
Sunding (1968) and Lid (1968) is now very cominonly dis-tributed
in the northern part of Tenerife, especially found
Frnm A .T ,. Ca h r ~ r Ia
FLOHADE LA PROVINCIADE BUENOSA m s ,v o l . &,19 63. 77
Fic. 19. - Aster squomatus (Spr.) Hieron.: A, pirtc wpciior dc 1,r lil,iiitü; B, ca-pitulo;
C . flor marginal; D, flor del disco; E, ayiieiiio; I;, p . t~a + I i p c ~ r i r xc l-1 estilo;
G, nriieras.
along the roads through towns and villages, in waste places
and in damp, cultivat~da reas. Further 2 Aster-species occur
as garden-escapes in Tenerife, both natives of N. Amesica:
A. lwevis L. s. A. Gruy, c d c c t e d as ü w22U i: thc City-Par!:,
Santa Cruz, 1969, and A. lanceolatus Willd. (A. simplex
Willd.), collected on roadsides between La Guancha aiid
icoa, 1963, N. Kaae.
Bidens. Besides the very commonly distributed Bidens
pilosa L. (abundant at least in the five western islands) ano-ther
Bidens-species, B. anqustifolia Nutt. has been given for
the Canary Islands (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Palma, Hierro,
Knoche 1923, Lindinger lG26, Lems l96^, K~,k,e! 1967).
However this species, whose legitimate name is B. m.icwn-thoides
Sherff and a native and endemic to the Hawaii Is-lanas
(Sherff i937j is most uniikeiy to be Iounu as an ad-ventitious
plant in the Canary Islands. On Tenerife in 1969 1
could collect the species B. aurea (Ait.) Sherff (Coreopsis a.
Ait.), a native of entra1 America. It was observed in a num-ber
of localities in the northern part of the island between
T ri T o n i i n r i te thn ncict rinrl R i i n n r i ~ r i c t c i te thn ~xrnct rlc 2 weed YU YUbU"U Y I I L C U U Y UllU YULIIU " *U"... Y I I L v. -U= U"
of arable fields and along roads. A first find (Tenerife) that
1 have been able to confirm from herbarium material is one
from La Guancha, 1965, N. Kaae. Most likely al1 the pre-vious
finds of B. micranthoides (B. angustifolia) are refera-ble
to this species. There are no records of this species as an
alien plant outside its native area, whereas B. aurea is a well
known adventitious plant e.g. in France, Italy and Portugal.
Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Weed in a potato-field, Oro-tava,
Tenerife, 1969. In the Canary Islands previously known
only from Gomera (Lid 1968). This species was mentioned
from Gran Canaria (Kunkel 1969) as G. ciliata.
Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. Waste place at the har-bour
of Santa Cruz, and as a weed in flower-beds in the City-
Park, Santa Cruz, Tenerife, 1969. New to the Canary Islands.
A native of NE. Africa; in Europe introduced in severa1
couritries wilh birdseeds, also found as a casual on Madeira
(Hansen 1968).
Helianthus annuus L. - Weed in a flowerbed, Puerto de
la Cruz, 1969. Seems to be a weed new to the Canary Islands,
but probably often found in cultivation.
Hgpochoeris radicata L. Along the road between Oro-tava
and Aguamansa, Tenerife, 1965, N. Kaae. Seems to be
a weed new to the Canary Islands; a native of Europe but
LILIJ --- -J :-A - L l - -.. .. - . .L- -I? Ll- . .--... 1.1 UULLLCU 111 ULIICI pdl ~b VI LIK WUL IU, e.g. Ki i uw~ iP L-u111T v h -
deira and the Acores.
Leontodon. L. hispidus L, and L. nudicaulis (L.) Banks
as given for the Canary Islands e.g. by Lid (1968) hardly
represent 2 different species of this genus (already Pitarcl &
Proust (1908) entertained that idea). Just as in Mrtcleir.1
(Hansen 1968) the Canarian Leontodon-material probably
belongs to tlie taxon L. sarcutilis Lamk. ssp. rothii (Ball)
Mair-e (syriuriym: Thrincia hispida Eoih ). L. suxcliiiis Lamk.
ssp. saxatilis (synonyms: Thrincia hirta Roth and L. nudi-caulis
[L.] Banks) is most likely not a member of the Cana-rian
flora, nor is true L. hispidus L.
Tagetes minuta Ait.: Sta. Ursula east of Puerto de la
Cruz, Tenerife, 1969. This weed from S. America seeiyis ta
be new to Tenerife; in 1967 it mras published by Kunkel as
new to Gran Canaria and to thc Canary Islands as a whole.
'Tragopogon. in the Canarian floristic iiterature, e. g.
Lems (1960), the following species of this genus are said to be
represented in the flora: T. hybridus L. (Geropogon glnber
L.), T. porrifolius L. and T. villosus L. These statement now
need some corrections. The taxon T. villosus L. is a very
dubious one and presumably can be ignored. The record of
this doubtful species dates back to a single find bv Ki~ocl-ie
(1923), who published it as found in seashore vegetatioii at
Agaeie, Gran Canaria, in iYi6. T. porrijoiius L. has bee:-i
recorded from Gran Canaria and Tenerife, but an examina-tion
of the following available material of so-called "T. por-rifolius",
al1 from Tenerife, has lead to the conclusion, that
this species probably should be deleted from the Canarian
flnra and replaced hy another species T. sinuntus A176-T,a11.
(synonyms: T. austraIis Jord., T. porrifolius auct. non L.).
The finds are: Above La Orotava, ca. 1800 m, 1957, K. Lar-sen
(Bot. Mus., Copenh.), between Orotava and Teide, ca.
1600 m, 1963, J. Lange (Bot. Mus., Copenh.), Teno Hills bet-ween
C~~l t i agU eT ? ?~.! ~scu, 1967, U a x ünd in a bür,anu-plan-tation
in Orotava, ca. 500 m, 1968, F. Mang. T. sinuatus is a
common plant in the Mediterranean region and often con-
Iused witn true S. porrifoizus L., whose legitimate name has
to be changed into T. eriospermus Ten (cf. Greuter 1967).
These two species can easily be separated by the shape
of the beaked achenes: Spindleformed and gradsally
narrowed upwards into the lo.n g b. eak in "T. porrifolius" ufid u!m& cy!indrica! 2nd pass:ng :rito a be& of neur!y the
same shape in T. sinuatus.
Xanthium spinosum L. This cosmopolitan weed seems
to spread rapidly on Tenerife. It has been published recently
as new to the Canaries by Kunkel (1967) and Lid (1968) (a
sin,rtln finrl in Tzr,crifz ;2vera! fhd; in bAU
Gran Canaria). In 1968 F. Mang, Hamburg, collected it in
dunes at El Médano and in Barranco de los Valos, and in
i96Y tne author observed it on readside near the Motanical
Garden, Puerto de la Cruz and in a field near Adeje, al1 Te-nerife.
C o n v o l v u l a c e a e :
Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet (1. palmata Forssk.). Obser-ved
as a weed of arable fields in a number of places on Te-nerife-
North, f. inst. covering a maize-ficld at Matanza east
of Puerto de la Cruz, 1969. The origin of this plant is un-known;
it is found as an ornamental plant in tropical and
subtropical regions al1 over the world. As an adventive plant
new to the Canary Islands.
C r u c i f e r a e :
Matthiola livida (Del.) DC. On a dry slope near Los Cris-tianos,
Tenerife-South, probably as an adventitious plant,
18/3-1967, N.Kaae. A native of NW.Africa, on the Canary Is-
Fic. 317. - A, I p umo c a c n i n r o (L. )S wcet : r.iiii.i cn f l i i - - E, I p o ~ ~ ~ oincdnic iso
( 1 ~ ~ 1 1 . )II ,,II,C~, EIO, .
lands hitherto recorded only from Gran Canaria (Christ
1888 j, probabiy introduced.
C y p e r a c e a e :
Cyperus eragrostis Lam. (C. vegetus Willd.). Roadside
east of Icod de los Vinos, Tenerife, 1969. This plant has been
mentioned briefly by Lems (1960) from Tenerife, and further
it is known from Gran Canaria (Kunkel no. 11460, specimen
seen). It is a native of western N. America and S. America,
naturalized in SW. Europe and known from Madeira and the
Acores too.
~ U p ] i o i - l o i a c e a e .
Euphorbia inequilatera Sond. Waste place at the har-bour
of Santa Cruz, Tenerife, 1969. A prostrate herb and a
native of South Africa. New to the Canary Islands.
Euphorbia paralias L. Sandy field near the sea at El Mé-dano,
Tenerif+$e~th, 1965, N.uace. Nzty t= TA -L-1--l;L'-1 .L1~L U.U+I,
earlier records exist from Gran Canaria and La Palma.
G e r a n i a c e a e :
Geranium purpureum Vill. Barranco del Infierno, Tene-rife,
1969. _A_ pninted o i~ht y Larsen (1960), thir rperies has
been mentioned from the Canary Islands already by Pitard
& Proust (1908) (known from the 5 western islands) but often
neglected in modern floristic literature and regarded conspe-cific
with G. robertianum L. Larsen states it from Gran Ca-naria:
San Bartholomé de Tirajana; further finds seen are:
Barranco de Guiniguada, Gran Canaria 1897, leg.O.Gelert,
Ladera de Sta. Ursula, Tenerife 1957, leg. K.Larsen, both in
the Herb.Copenh. True G-robertianum probably does not at
al1 occur on the Canaries.
G r a m i r i e a e :
Aristida. For many years the annual species A. adscen-sionis
L. has been given as an introduced and established
weed frequent in al1 7 Canaries. As late as in 1967 Kunkel
has published the closely related, perennial A. coerulescens
Decf. from Gran Canaria as a plant new to the Islands. Ho-wever
this last mentioned species seems to be rather com-mon
at least on Gran Canaria and Tenerife; so 18 different
collections from Gran Canaria and Terlerife seen by the au-thor
could be identified as A. coerulescens. A. adscensionis
has probably been widely i~iisunderstood and seems to be s
rare plant in the Canaries if found there at all.
Botriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus. This grass has bem
recorded from Gran Canaria by Lid (1968) as new to the
Canaries. Lid also mentions a sheet kept in the Kew Herb.
tvith this plant collected in Gran Canaria already in 1897 bv
O. Geiert (a Danish pharmacist and botmist) : The sane col-lection
is represented by 2 slieets in thc Copcnhagcn Herb.;
Gelert called his plant Andropogon ischaemum - Botrioch-loa
i., which species has been given from Gran Canaria and
Tenerife by Lems (1960) based on Webb & Berth. (1836)
and his own coiicctions. Someiimcs B. pertusa is recogriized
as belonging to B. ischaeinum e.g. by Roberty (1960) as Di-chantium
or Botriochloa ischaemum var. pertusum (-a). Lid's
plant (from Mt. San Gregorio, Gran Canaria) has been re-ferred
to var panormitana (Parl.) Maire & Weill. (B. panor-mitana
(Parl.) A. Camus (Pilger?), differjng in having gla-brous
nodes, less pubescent leaves and more nuinerous race-mes,
and considered to be a plant endemic to Sicily. Accord-ing
io Ceiarier (1958) B. ~ ~ ~ I - ¿ ¿ L Y i¿sL a h l g l i l~v ariable, apo-mictic
species, a native of East Africa and Asia (from Arabia
eastwards to SE.Asia [Bor 19601), but recorded as an intro-duced
plant in many other parts of the world, and so its oc-currence
in the Canary Islands, Sicily etc. may be explained
in fhis way.
Chloris. As adventitious plants new to the Canary Is-lans
Lid (1968) states finds of Chloris gayana Kth. and C.
polystachya Sw., both collected in Barranco Martínez s.of
Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife. In 1969 1 could collect C. gaynna
in the same place, and Sventenius (in litt. 1964) has stated
it from some other localities on Tenerife (coastal zone: Rea-lejos,
San Juan de la Rambla and far west). This species is
yTT1 vv;dLuyLLrid nc<nvl\., 2:: a xveeU in thn f r n n i r c 2nd ciihfrnnirc. of hnth " & >'YA--' --,----y---
hemispheres, e.g. known from Madcira and Porto Santo;
further recorded as an alien in Atlantic Europe (Ooststrwrri
& Reichgelt 1962). Lid's second species, C. pu1~sluch:yu Sw.,
seems to mc a very mysterious one! No taxon 'T.po lysta-
chya Sw." seems to exist in the literature, but there is a "C.
poiystachya Roxb." = a nom. nud. for C. roxburghiancl
Schult. and a "C. polystachya Lag." a nom. nud. for C. iner-mis
Trin. or Leptochloa virgata (L.) BP. A taxon C. poly-dactyla
Sw. exists, and a misprint may have taken place.
Howcver, by courtesy of the Bot. Museum, Oslo, I have had
T ;A' s p!u,lt lean fer exu~i f iut iena,f id it ceuld be idefiti- -*u
fied as Chloris truncata R. Br., a native of Australia and
known as an adventitious plant in Europe and elsewhere
(Ooststi-oom & Reichgeit 1.c.). Another find of this plant from
Tenerife exists: Las Cañadas, ca. 2200 m. leg. K. Larsen, det.
A. Hansen (Herb. Bot. Mus., Copenh.). The plant has proba-bly
been brought to Las Cañadas from the lowlands by
means of the busy traffic on the excellent highway through
the Caldera. Another traffic-plant in this area is for cxam-ple
Brornus tecto~wm L., which now has become very com-monly
distributed along the same road.
Digitaria. In the Canarian Iloristlc literature 2 species
of this gress-zenus are said to occur on Gran Canaria, Tene-ri
and Gomera, viz. D.nodosa Parl. and D.sanguina1i.s (L.)
Scop. Howe-fer al1 material of so-called "D. sanguinalis" seen
by the author has to be referred to the closely related species
un . - : J : -A, . /DA- \ TZ--I /n ,.,.+,+, cAh . . i r LLL.'U, '3 \ l b c L A . / ILucI. \u. ~u l I u u u t , a~ua\ rllulLi., D. Ü~SCZTI-dens
LHBK.1 Henr.), differing from Dsanguinalis in abscen-ce
of scabridities on the nerves of the lower lemma, in having
i~suallyg labrous leaves and more slender and longer spilíes.
True Dsanguinalis is possibiy absent from the Islands, at
least rare.
Eremopogon foveolatus (Del.) Stapf (Andropogon f.L.).
Maspalomas, Gran Canaria, 1964, leg. the author. Seems to
be a plant new to Gran Canaria, but earlier recorded from
Tenerife, Gomera and Hierro (Lern 1960, Lid 1968).
L a g ~ r u so vatus L. - Slope above Pino de Oro, Santa
Cruz, Tenerife, 1962, N. Kaae. Seems to be new to Tenerife
and a rare plant in the Islands as a whole, earlier recorded
only from Gran Canaria, Gomera and Hierro.
Paspalidium geminatum (Forssk.) Stapf (Panicum g.
Forssk.). Collected at Guía, North Gran Canaria, 1964 by the
author. Since Webb & Berthelot's days known as an introdu-ced
plant with a few finds on Gran Canaria under the name
Panicum paspaloides Pers., a synonym. A grass of usually
wet habitats and a native of tropical Africa and Asia, intro-duced
elsewhere, e.g. in Central and South America.
F'enntsetum. P. purpureum Schum. Iloadside at Las Ga-lletas
and in a field-boundary at Vilaflor, Tenerife-South,
1968, S. Lacgaard. A pcrennial grass and native of tropical
Africa, often cultivated as a foddergrass under the name
"Elephant-Grass". Known from Madeira under the sanie con-ditieils
(A. Hansen l96g).
Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. (P. asperifolium
1Desf.l Kth., P.rueppelii Steud.). In 1969 this conspicuous,
perennial grass has been observed in severa1 places, especia-lly
along the roads, in the northern part of Tenerife, e.g. at
Santa Ursula east of Puerto de la Cruz. A native of North
Africa and not at al1 new to the Canary Islands but misun-derstood
by some authors. This grass is hardly native to the
Caiiai-ies bui t.iii1t.r- iriir-uciuced ur ari escape irurrl cuiiivaiiuri
as an ornamental plant. The first mention of it seems to be
kept in "Index Seminum" from the Botanical Garden in
Orotava 1963> in which seeds o£ so-called P.rueppelii Steud.
from Barranco de Martínez, Tenerife, are offered for exchan-ye;
in "Index Seminum" for 1965 probably the same plant
has been nümed P. setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. (from Duraz-no),
and in the "Index" for the years 1966 and 1967 proba-bly
again thc same plant figures under the name P. setaceum
(Forssk.) Chiov. ssp. orientale (L. Rich.) Maire (from La
Rambla and Barranco de Martínez, both Tenerife). P. Sun-ding
(1966) published a find of so-called "P.elatum Hochst.
ex Steud." growing abundantly on roadsides between El Ris-co
and Agaete, Gran Canaria (repeated by Lid 1968). Ac-cording
to Bor (1960, 1968) P. elatum Hochst. ex Steud. is a
synonym of P. divisum (Forssk. ex Gmel.) Henr., a native
of Southern Tunesia, Egypt, Sinai and SW. Asia. Sunding's
specimens figured in his paper as fig. 1 has kindly been sent
me on loan from the Bot. Museum, Oslo, and without any
doubt they are identical with P. setaceum. Thus the distri-butional
gap between Tunesia and the Canary Islands for
"P. divisum = P. elatum" has no longer any reality. In 1964
when 1 first saw this grass from the Canary Islands collected
near Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife (leg. J. Lange), 1 informed
Dr. E;. Sventenius, tne Orotava Garden, about this possibie
new grass for the Canary Islands, and then he kindly told
me, that since at least about 20 years it had been well known
as a subspontaneous plant in the coast - zone along the north-side
of Tenerife (Puerto de la Cruz, Realejos, San Juan de la
Rambla and far west) and further that it was known from
Gran Canaria too, e,g. at Agaete and in Barranco Goyedra,
in some places moreover rather common.
Pennisetum villosum R. Br. ln 1969 this perenniai grass,
a native of East Africa, was observed in a number of locali-ties
in the northern part of Tenerife, the habitats mostly
being roadsides. It has been reported earlier from La Palma
and Gran Canaria (Knoche 1923) but is not cited from Tene-
.r. :P- L--T i i ncn\ u ,,.,,,, ,, n-. E. Svzntenius, thr Orotu- ~ L Cu y u c ~ ~\l~sr i u u I~r .u v v c v c l u~
va Garden, kindly has informed me that this plant has been
known on Tenerife in at least 15-20 years, and in this period
it has increased its area essentially. The inflorescences ar?
used for ornamental purposes.
Polypogon. In the floristic literature the follo~ving ta-xa
of this grass-genus have been enumerated as found in the
Canary Islands: P. x adscendens Guss., P. elongatus HBK.,
Tv-TT P.jugax Nees ex Steuci., P. interruptus HEK., P. iitoraiis
Sm., P. rnaritimus Willd., P. monspeliensis (L.) Desf. and.
P. semiverticillatus (Forssk.) Hyl. After an examination of
available material and consultation of the actual literature
the following reduction of the number of species represented
iri thr f h r u ceemc nereccary 2nd reasnnable: P. obnn.gntus
HBK. and P. interruptus HBK., both natives of S. America
are probably not found in the islands, as they seem to be
rare aliens outside their native areas. P. elor~yutush as beeri
given by Lems (1960) from Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and
Tenerife based upon statements by Webb & Berth. (1836)
and Bolle (1892) and from Gran Canaria and Gomera by Lid
(1968), but this plant is most likely to be referred to P. fugax
Nees ex Steud.. described in 1854 and a speciw midespreacl
in NE. Africa and through the wholc of Asia as far as China.
P. fugax is first mentioned as a Canarian plant by Lems
/incn\ TL, C-11-.,. :,-. -,L-,:-l -P A L : - ----:,.- Le- L --.- 1 \I JUU J . L 11c LULIU vv 1116 lualrcl l a 1 UL ~ 1 1 ~~ 3~ C L L11aCu ~ut lrll Q v QL-lable
to me:
1) "E Canariis", Chr. Smith, 1815-16 (sub.nom.P.lagas-cae
R. & S. = P. rnonspeliensis X Agrostis stolonifera);
thus found about 20 years before it was published by Webb
& Berth. (1836). 2) Tenerife In humidis, La Laguna, 15/7-
1855, leg. de la Perraudiére (sub.nom. Santia elongata Parl.
and P. dongata HBK.); a very luxurious P. fugax. 3) Tene-rife:
C o ~ s t - ~ o t~.aksis o f Fueriud e la elu¿,1 957, n. Lai-seii
(sub.nom.P.litoralis Sm.) 4) Tenerife: Las Cañadas, 1969,
leg. the author. 13 sheets representing 27 different finds (sub
nom. P.elongatus HBK.) from Gran Canaria, Tenerife and
Gomera in the collections by J.Lid., Bot.Mus., Oslo, kindly
sent me on loan, could be identified af P.fugax. P. interrup-tus
has been given once from Tenerife by Lems (1960), but
it. has. not been possible to verify this single record. This spe- cies is cery müeh dikz P.fugaz ("P.e!ongatüs"), and must
likely a mistake has Seen made. "P. litoralis Sm." is the hy-brid
P.monspeliensis X Agrostis stolonifera or X Agropogon
Iztoralzs (Sm.) C.E. Hubb. (P. lutosus IPoir.1 Hitchc.). It has
been recorded from Tenerife by Bornmüller (1903). but as
A.stolonifera hardly occurs in the Islands (when given a mis-take
for P.semiverticil1atus exists), this hybrid can be left
out of consideration as a Canarian plant.
mi- ..- LL- 1 - 1 1 ---:..-, L - y - - -P A L - HA-..- T ) - l , . , , , , , ,,,, :,
I U U ~L IIC I U I L UWL I I ~~ d UL~ LLaLC ~ C I I I U SL U ~ ~ ~ J LUc u~l aUl l lI ~
as members of the Canarian flora:
P. fugax Nees ex Steud. - L.F.C.T.G.
P.maritimus Willd. - C.
P.monspeliensis (L.) Desf. - C.T.G.P.
-P .n- -~ .m - - .- i .~- ~- - ~- - r- -f.-i -r - -i . l(.Flor irst~sk~,.). ~H yl. - LC.T.C.P.H.
P. X adscendens Guss. (P.monspeliensis x semiverticilla-
tus or x Polypogonagrostis adscendens LGuss.1 Maire). - C
(Kunkel 1967).
Setaria chevalieri Stapf. Found on roadsides in Santa
Urrida eart if Puerto de Ia Clri~z,T enerlfe, 1969, prihahly as
a garden escape. An ornamental grass originating in South
Africa; closely related to S.palmifolia (Koenig) Stapf, ano-
Ll- -.. .--.-
LIKK orriarrieriiai sfiecies oi iiiis genus frvm India. New to ihe
Canary Islands.
Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) O.K. Naturalized on
slopes at the coast, La Paz, east of Puerto de la Cruz, Tene-rife,
1969. Has been recorded from Gran Canaria by Kunkel
(1967) as an alien nwv tn t h C~an ary Islands. It is cnmmm
in cultivation as a lawn-grass.
E y p e r i c a c e a e :
Hypericum joerstadii Lid, described as a new species by
Lid (1968): has been given only from the northeastern part
of Tenerife (Taganana-tunnel), Afur, Pedro Alvarez and El
Rosario s.of Esperanza). A find from the heights above El
Palmar, Tenerife-NW, 1921, 1eg.F.Borgcsen (as H.glandulo-sum
Ait. var.) is in the Herb., Bot. Museum, Copenhagen.
L a b i a t a e :
Nepeta teydea W. & B. Generally known as a plant froin
the Spnrtnc7~tis1~s-associatioofn Ihe subalpine cinder fields
in Las Cañadas, Tenerife. In 1969 it was observed in fissures
in a road-wall at San Vicente w.of San Juan de la Rambla,
in about 100 m.h.
M a l v a c e a e :
Sida. Among the members of this genus recorded from
the Canary Islands as introduced and well established weeds
are S.rhombifolia L. (known from Gran Canaria, Tenerife,
Gomera, La Palma) and S.carpinifolia L.f. However this last
name in the Canaries seems to have been applied to at least
3 different taxa, viz. 1) S.acuta Burm.f. (S.carpini£olia L.£.
p.p.), one sheet seen: "E. Canariis7', leg. Chr. Smith 1815-
16,2) S.rhombifolia L.f. (f. inst. Bourgeau, P1. Canariensis 110.
1236, Bufadero, Tenerif e 1855, and 3) Malvastrum coroman-delianum
(L.) Garcke (seen from Arucas, Gran Canaria, leg.
O. Gelert 1897 and from Guía, Gran Canaria, leg. the author
1964; further Lid (1968) has published 2 other finds from
Gran Canaria and moreover has regarded the plant as new
to the Islands). They are al1 weeds widespread in the tropics
rnrni irui un u~ hr ih rtr rwn nyi n~r iu-~1 r1r a nv yv li-nr r fvhrnr ~xrrr r n r l d WA --.
O e n o t h e r a c e a e :
Oenothera suaveolens Desf. Koadside between Urotava
and Aguamansa, Tenerife, 1969. Biennial herb and a native
of N.America, known as an alien in severa1 countries in Eu-rope.
New to the Canary Islands.
O x a ! i d a z c u c :
Oxalis. 4 Oxalis-species hitherto are known as weeds in
the Canary Islands, viz. O. corniculata L., O. europaea Jord.
(O. stricta auct.), 0. pes-caprae L. (O. cernua Thunb.) and
O. variabilis Jacq. (O. purpurea L.) Further 2 species of this
rateg~ryh ave heen mllected recently in the Islands. viz O.
2atifoZia Kth. (O. intermedia A. Rich.), known from Gran
Canaria and Tenerife at least since 1964. Material from the
foiiowing fin& has Leen seeii. Graii Canzr i~P, agador 1964
and Maspalomas 1965, both leg. N. Kaae; Tenerife, potato-field
at Icod de los Vinos, banana-plantation in Puerto de la
Cruz and in Arenas near Puerto de la Cruz, in Taoro and iii
flowerbeds in the City-Park o£ Santa Cruz, al1 1969, 1eg.N.
K a a ~an d the author. A perennial herb and a native of the
West Indies, Central and S. America, naturalized in the Me-diterranean
region, in SW.England, Madeira, the Acores, S.
Africa and Ceylon (Young 1958). - O. corymbosa DC. (O.
martiana Zucc.), seen from the following finds in Tenerife:
Banana-plantation in Punta Hidalgo, 1967 and at Las Arenas
near Puerto de la Cruz, iY64, botn ieg. Iu'. Kaae. A native of
S. America and naturalized and a troublesome weed in ma-ny
subtropical countries; also known from Madeira at the
Acores.
P o l y g o n a c e a e :
Polygonum maritimum L. Sandy field near the sea at
R a n u n c u l a c e a e :
Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix. In big masses in a wa-
4-.. i :- D -1-1 T--z: m :I- inrn n ..-..: -..- 1-.
L c L - L a u a l 111 U ~ 1 IQU UJ UCL I I I L L ~IL U, I e ~ eiilc , IYU¿I. r1 eviuubiy
only known from a few finds on Gran Canaria and Tenerife
(Lems 1960).
R e s e d a c e a e
Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl) Macbride (Resedella subula-ta
(Del.) Webb). Punta Roja at El Médano, Tenerife-South,
1968, leg. F.Mang. Seems to be new to this island and pro-bably
native; earlier recorded from Fuerteventura, Lanza-rote
and Gran Canaria (Abdullah 1967).
R o s a c e a e :
Awhanes. A. arvensis L. generally has been recorded
from five western Canary Islands (Pitard & Proust 1908, Lid
1968). However the presence of this species in the Canaries
is rather unlikely, just as on Madcira (A. Hanscn f969), and
already Rothmaler (1935) has stated that A. arve~tsish ere
is substituted by the species A. microcarpa (Boiss. & Reut.)
Rotnm. In the herb., Bot. Museum. Copenhagen, A. micro-carpa
is represented with a sample from La Cumbre, Gran
Canaria, collected by O. Gelert in 1897, and al1 the material
given by Lid (1968) as "A. arvensis" and sent me on loan
from the Bot. Museum, Oslo, could clearly be identified with
A. microcarpa.
S i m a r o u b a c e a e :
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (A. glandulosa Desf.).
An ornamental tree from SE. Asia, run wild and established
in severa1 places round Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, 1969.
Recorded from Gran Canaria by Kunkel (1967, 1969).
S o l a n a c e a e :
Nicoiicma panicuiata L. (K. cerintnoides Hornem. j. An
annual or short-lived perennial herb from Peru, S.America;
in 1969 observed in severa1 waste places in Puerto de la
Cruz (east) and in San Vicente near San Juan de la Rambla,
Tenerife. Since 1959 mentioned in "Index Seminum", pu-
Vnnm b T P = h r c r a **"u' A A . - . - - - - - L - - -
FLo nD~E u PROYIR.CDIE.\ I ~ ~ E T O.\SIR ES ,~01.5~, 6 5 2-21
blished by the Orotava Botanical Garden, from the followi~g
localities. Puerto de la Cruz, Orotava, El Durazno, Giiiinx
and Bco. de Martínez, Now it is a well established weed at
least in Puerto de la Cruz and often grows together with
Nicotiana glauca.
Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Thell. (S. rhomboidea
LIIüük.1 Miel-Sj . Katuldli~t'd~ I dI Ud~id~l a -pi a~~di ai iTiuu e~r~-
to de la Cruz, Tenerife, 1969. An ornamental plant originat-ing
in S. Brazil, Uruguay, N. and S. Argentina; nat~ralized
in Europe in South France, Corse (Cugnac 1931) and Italy,
known also from the Acores. New to the Canary Islands.
So2anu.m cf. bonariense L. Observed as a well establis-hed
garden-escape along a road in Valle Guerra, Tenerife-
NE., 1969. A native of South America (S. Brazil, Uruguay,
NE. Arger~iiriaj anci Known as a subsponianeous plan¿ aiso
in South Europe and North Africa.
Solanum maz~ritianumS cop. (S. auriculalum Ait.). Subs-pontaneous
in a barranco near Las Arenas, Tenerife, 1969, N.
Kaac. A native of Central America, also known as a well es-tablished
garden escape on Madeira and the Atores.-On the
whole a number of perennial, woody Solanunz-species arc
known as well established garden-escapes in thc Canary Is-iaiids,
sucii as 3, ~U.SfiiY,~UtLTLT 7.:ilil i- 1
/T.. _1 __- F _... A-.- L - .._
VV 111U. \lLlUt!n. >3t'lll. u1 U L d " d
1962), S. giganteum Jacq. (Index Sem. Orotava 1963, 1968),
S.jasminoides Paxt. (Kunkel 1969), S.marginatu.m 1,. (Lid
1968, Kunkel1969), S. robustum H. Wendl. (Index Sem. Oro-tava
1960).
U m b e l l i f e r a e :
Apium leptophyllz~m (Pers.) F. Müll. (A. tenuifolium
iMoenchi Teii.) recorded by Lid (i968 h r r i La Palma arid
Tenerife as a weed new to the Canary Islands is commnniy
distributed in the northern part of Tenerife, particularly oii
roadsides and as a garden-weed, grows for example very
abundantly in flowerbeds under the famous Dragon-Tree in
Tcod do los Vinos. Observed also on Tenerife-South: Banana-plantation
at Los Cristianos 1967, N. Kaae.
Bupleurum. B. aciphyllum Webb & Berth. known from
the 5 wesiern Canaries, and B. saiicifoiium Lowe known
from Madeira are generally accepted as one single species
which then has to be called B. salicifolium Lowe (see Pitard
& Proust 1908, Lems 1960, Lid 1968). After having compa-red
some material collected in both Madeira (1968) and on
Tenerife (1969) the ~ W Qsp ecies see- te m.e q ~ i t ed istirict
and can be separated morphologically as follows:
Lower strm-leaves
3-5 mnl broad, with
5-6 distinct nerves and
m i n u t e ly crrnulite
nxirgins
8-15 nim broad, with
7-9 distinct nrrvcs and
enlire margins
Inflorescence 1 Stylopodium
Com~posed of ntiriie- Narrow, not broadcr
rous umbrlc I 'han young mcricarps
I
a sii~~~p!we ith Dilated, broader than 1 youne mericarps (like
i'zw uriibeis I a hat with its brim.)
It must be added that 1 have not been able to study
B.aciphyllum var. robusta described by Burchard (1910)
fmm &mera. Its systcmntie position so far is üiicertairi, cind
B.aciphyllum may be a somewhat variable plant.
Z o s t e r a c e a e :
Zostera marina L. The beach at El Médano, Tenerife-
Celjth, 1968, F. Munaa . Cnnmc te he u p!u~t ~l e~txe .t he -.~.~uters
of the Canary Islands, where this genus has been represented
hitherto by the species Z.nana Roth only.
Some additions to the introduced flora in Las Cañadas,
see Sventenius (1946) : Amaranthus hy bridus L. s.1. (Para-dor),
Chenopodium album L. s.1. (Parador), Chloris truncata
R. Br., Lactuca serriola L. (Parador), Oryzopsis miliacea (L.)
Aschers. & Schweinf. (Los Azulejos), Poa trivialis L. (Los
Azulejos), Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud.
-. Summarg lne present paper stares tile foiiowing piants (aciventirious or garden-escapzs,
naturdized or not) as new to the Canary Islands: Atnarnnt1~u.s yuiten.ris, Kochiu
scoparia, Anacycir~s radiatus, Aster laciis and A. lanceolatus, Guizotia abys~inicu,
Heliarlthus annuirs, Hypoclioeris radicnta, Iporriora cuiricn, Euplzorbia inacquila-
[era, Penniseruin purpureun~, Setaria clievalieri, Omorherú suaveol<m, 0.walis co-ryrnbosa
and O.iatifolia, Scrlpicliroa origariifolia, Solariurrt cf. borrrrrieuw and .S.
muurifirrnuni. and Zo.rtera marina. An attemlpted revision of the Canarian rnembcrs
of the genera Bidens, Leoritodon, Trugopogon, Aristida, Chloris, Digirnria, Penni.
xiurri , F<i i ) l~ugor iS,i úu, Apiiur~esa nu Buyieuruni has been rnatir. A nuiiib~ero i re-cords
of cpecies mostly new to ei,thzr Tenerife or Gran Canaria are also givcn.
Literature:
ABDULLAH, M.S., 1967: The Resedacrac~. A tnromwnicrrl rei.isiot~ oj the fomi-
/y. Wagenirigen (1-981.
BOLLE. C., 1892: Florulla insularum olim Purp~irarianum nunc Lanmrote et
Fuertaventura etc. - Engl. Bot. Juhrb. 14: 230-257.
BOR, N.L., 1960: Tlie prasses of Burrnn, Crylon, India und Pakistarz. - Owford.
- -x L T. - ..-1 n D--LA-,I iroo: Giaiiiiricae. riuia ui iiay. v v i . 7.-uur;uuau.
BORNMULLER, J., 1903: Ergebnisse zweier botanischen Reisen nach M:ideira
und d:n Canarischen 1nseln.-Erigl. Bot. Jalirb. 33: 387-492.
BUkCHARD, O., 1910: Zwei neue kanarischme Pfl.an7en - Fedde's Kepert. 8:
551-552.
CELARIER, R. P. S¿ al., 1958: Studies on Old World Bluesteins 11. - Oklalioniri
Stntr Unii). Techn, Bull. 7-72,
CHRIST, H., 1888: S~picillegium Canariense. - Engl. Bot. Jalrrh. 9: 86-172.
CUGNAC, A. de, 1931: Une adventive nauvelle ou encore peu connue en Fran-ce:
Salpichroa rhomboidea Miers, a la Ra~ile (T.oire-Tnferieure). - Bicll.
Soc. Bot. Frunce 78: 504-508.
CREUTER, W., 1967: Flora der lnsel Kythera. - Boissicra 13: 1-206.
HANSEN. A, , 1968: Floristische Be~ba~chtungeanu f die Inael Madeira (nebbt
biographischen Notizen über einige, altere Sammler von Madeira-Pflanzen).
Bocagiuna 15: 1-11.
- 1969: Weitere Beitrage zur Flora der Insel AMasdeira. - Ibid. 19: 1-11.
KNOCHE, H., 1923: Vaguridi Mos. Die knnarisclien Inseln. - París.
KUNKEL, C., 1967: Plantas vasculares nuevas para ,la flora de Gran Canaria. -
Cuad. Bot. 1: 3-23.
1967a: Plantas vascularels: Nuevas adiciones para la flora de Gran Cana-ria.
- - Ibid. 11: 23-27.
- 1968: Notas misce1áne;is. Iuot:~ sobre plantas nuevas para la flora Can:i-ria.
- Ihid. IV: 5-6.
- 1969: Aliens to the Canarv flora. Part l. Trees and shrubs. - Ibid. V: 27-44.
LARSEN K., 1960: Cytological and experimental studies on the flowering plmts
of the Canary Islands. - V.S. Biol. Skr. 11 (3): 1-60. Copenhagen.
LEMS, K., 1960: Floristic botany of the C8anary Islands. - Surrucrrzia 5: 1-94.
LID, J.. 1968: Contrib'utions to the flora of the Canary Islands. - Skr. Norskc
Vid. Akad. Oslo 1, Math. - Nat~irv. Kl., Ny Ser. 23: 1-212
l.TNI)INGER, T.., 1926: Rpifrügp z11r K~ n n t r l iV~ O ~V ~ g ~ t a f i ounnd Florn d a r h.
nrrri.sc11en Inseln. - Abh. a,us d. Geb. d. Auslcindskunde, Hamburg Univ.
21, Reihe C., Bd. 8: 1-350.
OOSTSTROOM, S. J. VAN & TH. J. REICHGELT. 1962: Het Gcslacht Chloris
in Nederland. - Gol-trriu 1: 41-46.
PITARD, J. & L. PROUST, 1908: Les ?les Canaries. Flore de I'Arcliipel. - Paris.
ROBERTY, G., 1960: Monogra~phie systématique des Andrapogonées du globe. -
Roirvi~rn 9. 1-455
ROTHMALER, W., 1935: Systematkche Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der
Gattung Alchemilla (L.) Scap. emend. - Fcdde'c Repert. 38: 13-45
SHERFF, E. E., 1937: The genus Bidens 1-11. - Ficld Mus. Nat. Hisr., Bot. Ser.
16: 1-709.
SUNDING, P., 1966: Pennisetum elatum Hochst ex Steud, new to the Canary
Islands. - Nytr Uag. Bot 13: 57-60.
SVENTENIUS, E. R., 1946: Notas sobre la flora de las Cañadas de Tencrife. -
Bol. Inst. Nac. Inv. Agron. 15: 149-171.
WFRR, P. & S RFR'THELOT, 1816-50. Histnirr n ~ t u r e í kd es fles Cnnaries, 3, 2
,part. sect. 1-111. - Paris.
YOUNG, D.P., 1958: Oxalis in th:. British Isles. - Watsonia 4: 51-69.
ALAN BLOOM: Alpirze Plants of Distinction.
Collingridge Books, TF Hainlyn Publ. Group LLd., Imndon-New Yoi-k-
Sydncy-Toronto. 134 pag., 32 fotogr.: Feltham 1968. - s 35;-
Plantas Alpestres Sobresulientes: El libro de la floricultura tratando espe-cies
oriundaa de regiones elevadas. El autor: Un jardinero distinguido y de ex-periencia.
O "un libro esccito por un entusiastü protesional para 'los entusiastas ahi-cionados".
Traduciendo e81 título ~~erbal~menetle ,l ec,tor llega a la conclusión de que el
libro trata plantas alipinas diferentes. Lo hacc, pero o'tra vez diferente. Porque
"alipinos", en la lengua inglesa, se refiere especialmente a plantas que se cultivamn
en ro~callas. Es decir entre rocas, imita,ndo un 'paisaje alpestre en miniatura.
Nosotros, aficionddos de plantas de zonals sub~tro~picailesn, osotros cultiva-mos
entre rocas sólo especies cactáceas y otras suculentas; la jandinería, incluyen.do
sus términos técnicos, en los países tejniplados, es diferente ...
Corno usar plan'tas aml~pestre(jsu ,nto con listas de pro~posiciones)e n nuestros
jardines se explica en caipítulos de menos i'miportancia. La parte verdaderanien'te
importante pero, que 08cupd caai 90 páginas, se refiel-e a ,las especies niianias, en
un giosario áescripiivo en orden aiiabé~icu ÚLI gtneiob ciiadus. 'u'rius i29 gtnerva
se menciona, con descripciones de las esipecizs más importantes, y con recomen-daciones
para el cultivo de éstas. Páginas también útiles se reune con el registro
de los géneros y especies que contiene al mism,o tiem,po datos sobre el espacio de
plantar y unos números clave de mérito de las especies. o sea "certificados su-hresalientes",
según el autor.
G. KUNKEL'