Rust fungi (Uredinales) from Cape Verde Islands

              BOTÁNICA MACARONESICA 12-13 (1984) 123
RUST FUNGÍ (UREDINALES) FROM CAPE VERDE
ISLANDS
HALVOR B. GJAERUM
Norwegian Plant Protection Institute. AS-NLH, Norway.
RECIBIDO: 6 Diciembre 1985
SUMMARY
Twenty-three rust taxa of which seven are new to Macaronesia and twel-ve
new to Cape Verde Islands are reported. The total number of rust taxa
know from these islands is now twenty-seven. Eragrostis barrelieri repre-sents
a new host genus for Puccinia cynodontis.
RESUMEN
Se reportaron veintitrés taxones de roya de los cuales siete son nuevos
en Macaronesia, y doce son nuevos en las islas de Cabo Verde.
El número total de taxones de roya conocidos en estas islas es ahora
veintisiete.
Eragrostis barre/ieri representa un nuevo género huésped para Puccinia
cynodontis.
INTRODUCTION
The rust flora of the Cape Verde Islands is by far the less investigated in
Macaronesia. Since Montagne (1860) published on Aecidium cressae DC.
only seven more species have been recorded (cf. Gjaerum, 1974). In Novem-
124 HALVOR B. GJAERUM
ber 1976 I got the opportunity, together with Per Sunding, Botanical Mu-seum,
University of Oslo, to visit some of the islands. At Santo Ant§o we we-re
collecting 6 days, at SSo Vicente 9 days, at SSo Nicoiau five days, and at
Santiago four days (cf. Sunding, 1981). The greater part of the host planta
were identified by Sunding, but some hosts belonging to Poaceae were iden-tified
by H.J. Conert, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, West-Germany
(F.G.R.).
Some rust specimens were sent me by W. Lobin, Forschungsinstitut
Senckenberg, and some other specimens were found when examining the
phanerogams collected by 0.H. Rustan and Chr. Brockmann, Botanical Mu-seum,
University of Oslo, during their excursión in winter 1981-1982.
The nomenclature follows Hansen & Sunding (1985). The material is de-posited
in the herbarium of the Botanical Museum, University of Oslo (O), but
parts of some specimens are kept at the herbarium of NPPI.
I want to thank the botanists mentioned above for placing their material
at my disposal. Especially I want to thank Per Sunding and H.J. Conert for
help with the host Identification. I also want to thank Per Sunding for good
cooperation during the excursión.
The financial support for the excursión was provided by the Norwegian
Research Council for Science and Humanities, and for which I am most grate-ful.
ENUMERATION OF SPECIES
Cerotelium /7c/(Butl.) Arth., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 509, 1917.
Syn. Uredo fici Cast. ex Desm., Fl. Crypt. 1662, 184S; Kuehneola fici
Butl., Annls mycol. 12: 79, 1914.
On Ficus carica L. (Moraceae).
S." AntSo, on the road from Montano Forte de Leite down to Ribeira do
Paul, 1.200 m., II.
S. Vicente, at the W side of Monte Verde, 550 m., II.
The urediniospores match well with those found in the Canarias where it
is reported from the four westernmost islands (Jorstad, 1958). It is also repor-ted
from Madeira and the Azores.
UREDINALES FROM CAPE VERDE ISLANDS 125
This fig rust seems to follow the host nearly everywhere where it is culti-vated.
It has not previously been reported from Cape Verde Islands.
Melampsora euphorbiae (Schub.) Cast., Obs. Pl. Acotyl. 2: 18, 1843.
Syn. M. helioscopiaeWmt. in Rabh. Krypt.-FI., Ed. 2, I, 1: 240, 1882; M.
ge/mii Bres., Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. p. 75, 1897; M. ricini Pass. ex Noronha,
Agron. Lusif. 14: 242, 1952.
On Euphorbia tuckeyana Steud. ex Webb (Euphorbiaceae).
S. AntSo, on the road from Montano Forte de Leite to Ribeira do Paul,
1.310 m., II.
S. NicoIau, below Monte Gordo, 900-950 m., II; on the summit of Monte
Gordo, 1.200 m., II; on Monte Joaquim, 610 m., II; on the road down to Fra­gata,
730 m., II; W slope of Monte Deserto, 950-970 m., leg. P. Sunding, II.
Santiago, SW slope of Pico da Antonia, 1.050-1.100 m., II.
On Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae).
S. Ant§o, on the road from Cova to Ribeira do Paul, 780 m., II; Lombo
Cebide Vila at the road junction to Cha de Pedra, 890 m., II.
S. NicoIau, Ribeira Brava, near Agua das Patas, 420 m., II; below Monte
Gordo, 970 m., II; Monte Gordo up to 1.170 m., II; Canto 560 m., II; near Ri­beira
do Chafariz, 730 m., II; Fragata 400 m., 11.
M. euphorbiae'is a widespread collective species, embracing a number of
races or forms, often described as species, but slightly delimited morphologi-caliy.
It has previously been reported on severa! Euphorbia spp. and on R.
communis in the Cañarles, Madeira and the Azores. On £ tucl<eyana, ende-mic
in the Cape Verde Islands, Chevalier (1935) reported it as /W. gelmiiUom
Sal, while R. communis is a new host for this rust in the archipelago.
Miyagia pseudospfiaería {Mont.) Jtírst., Nytt Mag. Bot. 9: 78, 1962.
Syn. Puccinia pseudosphaeriaMont. in Barker-Webb & Berth. Hist. Nat.
lies Cañar., III, 2: 89, 1840; P. sonchiRob. ex Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. III,
11: 274, 1849; Perístemma pseudosphaeria (Mont.) J0rst., Friesia 5: 280,
1956.
On Sonchus daltonii\Nebb (Asteraceae).
S. NicoIau, on the N side of Monte Gordo, 1.080 m., II.
126 HALVOR B. GJAERUM
On S. oleráceas L.
S. AntSo, on the road from Cova to Ribeira do Paul, 990 m. and 1.150
m., II; on the road from Ribeira das Pedras to Cova, 750 m., and 880 m., II; on
the road from Montano Forte de Leite to Ribeira do Paul, 1.150 m., II.
Santiago, Serra da Malagueta, 800 m., II.
S. Nicoiau, on road from Cachabo, along path to Praia Branca, 570 m.,
30.01.1982, O.H. Rustan (1892), II; on the SWslope on Monte Joaquim, 550
m. and 650 m., II.
S. Vicente, Monte Verde, on the W slope, 650 m., II.
The rust has a wide distribution on Sonchusspp. in Europe, Asia and in
N. África, and it is also known from Uganda and New Zealand. In Macarone-sia
it is reported from the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands. It is descri-bed
as P. pseudosphaeria irom Tenerife, and type host is S. radicatus A\t. S.
daltonü, a new host for this rust species, is endemia in Cape Verde Islands. It
belongs to the section Dendrosonchus.
On 5. oleráceas (sect. Eusonchus) the fungus has been reported from
Madeira (e.g. Bornmüller, 1903, as P. sonchh and from the Azores (Gjaerum
& Dennis, 1976). J0rstad (1958) also reported it on S. oleráceas, but the host
is later found to be S. teneríffae Sch. Bip.
Phakopsora gossypii{Arth.) Hirats. f., Ured. Studies p. 266, 1955.
Syn. Cerotel/um gossypii Anh., Bul!. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 510, 1917;
Phakopsora desmium (Berk. & Br.) Cumm., Ibid. 72: 206, 1945.
On Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae).
Fogo, near village Ribeira ilheu, 350 m., 17.02.1982, C. Brockmann
(989/82), II + III.
This rust species is widely distributed on cotton, but it is new to the flora
of Macaronesia.
Puccinia brachypodii Onh var. brachypodii, Mitth. Naturf. Ges. Bern p. 82,
1861.
Syn. P. baryiWmX. in Rabh. Krypt.-FI., Ed. 2, I, 1: 178, 1882.
On Trachynia distachya (Hasselq. ex L.) Link (syn. Brachypodium dis-fac/?/
ü/77(Hasselq. ex L.) PB.) (Poaceae).
UREDINALES FROM CAPE VERDE ISLANDS 127
S. Ant§o, on road from Cova to Ribeira do Paul, 1.150 m., II.
This rust has been found on several species of Brachypodiums. lat. from
Europe, eastwards to China and Japan and it is also reportad from Morocco.
Its main host is B. sy/vaticum {Huds.) PB. In Macaronesia it has been reportad
on B. sy/vaticum from S. Miguel in the Azores (Gjaerum & Dennis, 1976), and
from the Canary Islands on B. sy/vaticum and T. distactiya, on the latter host
from Tenerife, Palma and Hierro.
The aecial stage of P. bracfiypodii var. bractiypodii has been found on
Berberís spp., bust most places the rust seems to be independent of the host-alternation
(J0rstad, 1958).
Puccinia coronata Cda., Icón. Fung. 1: 6, 1873.
On Po/ypogon virídis (Qouan) Breistr. (syn. P. semivertici/Zatus {Forssk.)
Hyl.) (Poaceae).
S. Antgo, Cha de Pedra, 8.11.1976, P. Sunding, II; on trackfrom Ribeira
das Pedras to Cova, 220 m., II; Ribeira Caibos, 340 m., II.
In Macaronesia the crown rust has been reported from Madeira and seve­ral
islands in the Azores and Canarias, but it is new to Cape Verde Islands. On
P. virídis, J0rstad (1958, as P. semivertici/iatus) iound it in Gran Canaria and
Tenerife (Canary Islands).
The aecial stage on this rust species has been found on Frangu/a azoríca
Tutin (Tutin & Warburg, 1932) in the Azores and on Rhamnus crenu/ata M.
in the Cañarles {J0rstad, op. cit.).
Outside Macaronesia P. coronáis has a worldwidedistribution. Cummins
(1971) has listed four varieties in addition to var. coronata to which the rust on
Po/ypogon belongs.
Puccinia cynodontis Lacro\x ex Desm., Pl. Crypt. Ser. III, No. 655, 1859.
On Cynodon dacty/on (Pers.) L. (Poaceae).
S. Antao, near Cova on road from Ribeira Grande, 1.250 m., II + III; 800
m., 16.11.1982, W. Lobin, II ( + III); Ribeira Caibos, 640 m., II.
S. Nicoiau, below Cachago, 600 m., II + III.
On Eragrostis barre/ierí Day. (Poaceae).
S. Antgjo, near Cova, 1.250 m., II. -^
8
3
128 HALVOR B. GJAERUM
This rust, new to the Cape Verde Islands, has been reported from Ma-deira
and most of the Cañarían Islands. It is circumglobal in températe and
warmer regions on C. dactylon, the main host.
Eragrostis is a new host genus for this rust, belonging to the same tribe
as Cynodon, viz. Eragrostoideae.
Its aecial stage {Aecidium p/antaginis Ces.) has been found on hosts be­longing
to several plant families (cf. J0rstad, 1958, Cummins, 1971), but it has
never been found in Macaronesia.
Puccinia cyperi-tagetíformis Kern, Mycologia 11: 138, 1919.
Syn. Uredo cyperi-tagetiformis Henn., Bot. Jahrb. 34: 598, 1905.
On Cyperus esculentus L. (Cyperaceae).
S. AntSo, on road from Ribeira das Pedras to Cova, 1.000 m., III.
S. Nicoiau, Monte Gordo, N slope, 1.070 m., 23.11.1976, P. Sunding
(3.779), III.
On Cyperus sp.
S. Antao, on road from Ribeira das Pedras to Cova, 500 m., II + III;
1.260 m., II + III; on road from Montano Forte de Leite to Ribeira do Paul,
1.300 m., II.
On Pycreus polystachyus (Rottb.) PB. (syn. Cyperus polystachyus
Rottb.) (Cyperaceae).
S. Antao, Ribeira da Torre, 220, II.
Urediniospore wall slightly thickened at the apex, with a more or less dis-tinct
hyaline membrane, more distinctly echinulate at the apex than at the ba­se
of the spores, and with two equatorial pores.
P. cyperi-tagetiformis is a new rust in Macaronesia. It is widespread in
the Americas. In África it is reported from the Ivory Coast, Guinea, Gabon,
Ethiopia, Mozambique and Madagascar. It is also reported from India and Chi­na.
C. esculentus seems to be a new host for this rust while P. polystacliyus
has been found infected with it in Porto Rico and Vieques.
Puccinia hieterospora Berk. & Curt., J. Linn. Soc. London 10: 356, 1868.
On Wissaduia ampfissima {L.) R.E. Fr. var. rostrata {Schum. &Thonn.)
R.E. Fr. (Malvaceae).
UREDINALES FROM CAPE VERDE ISLANDS 129^
S. AntSo, on the track from Cova to Ribeira do Paul, 650 m., III.
P. heterospora has previosly been reported on Sida urensL. from S. An-tSo
(Chevalier, 1935). It is widespread on severa! malvaceous host genera in
Asia, África and the Americas, and it is also found in Australia. W. ampHssima
var. rostrata is a new host for the rust in Macaronesia, but it has been repor­ted
on W. ampHssima in Guatemala and some islands in the West Indies.
Puccinia tiyparrtieniicolaó<l>rsX. & Cumm. in Cummins, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
83: 227, 1956.
On Hyparrhenia hirta {L.) Stapf. (syn. Andropogon hirtusL.) (Poaceae).
S. Ant§o. Near Cova, on the roed from Ribeira Grande, 1.300 m., II; N
slope in the cráter of Cova, 1.250 m., II; Lombo Pelado, 1.250 m., II; on the
road down to Ribeira Ch§ da Pedra, 890 m., II; on the track from Ribeira das
Pedras up to Cova, 590 m., II; 88 m., 11; on the track from Montano Forte de
Leite to Ribeira do Paul, 1.300 m., II; 1.070 m., II.
Santiago. Serra da Malagueta, 930 m., II; 970 m., II + III; on the SWside
of Pico da Antonia, 1.030 m., II.
S. Nicoiau, on the N side of Monte Gordo, 1.000 m., II.
Three paraphysate rust species are reported on this host, viz. P.
andropogonis-liirtiBe\XTán, P. eritraeensis Paz. and P. hyparrheniicola. Accor-ding
to Cummins (1971) it is doubtful whether they can be distinguished in the
uredineal stages. However, judging from his drawings, the urediniospores on
P. hyparrheniicola are slightíy thicker at their base. This is also the case in the
specimens studied, and as the teliospores found in one of the Santiago speci-mens
fit well the description given for P. hyparrheniicola, I have placed them
all within the same species. The teliospores measure 33-43 x 17-17,5 ¿wm, the
side walls are about 1 jttm thick while they at apex are thickened up to 4jU-m.
As they develop in the uredinia, they are easily overlooked.
So far P. hyparrheniicola has been reported from the Canary Islands only,
where it seems to be fairly common. Jtírstad (1958) has recordad it on five of
the islands. He also indicated that Uredo andropogonis-hirti Maire, reported
from several places in the Mediterranian región, belongs to this species, while
Cummins (op. cit.) placed it with P. andropogonis-hirti.
The host is widespread in the Mediterranean and África. In Macaronesia
it is known in Madeira, most Cañarían Islands and from seven of the Cape
Verde Islands (Hansen & Sunding, 1985).
130 HALVOR B. GJAERUM
Puccinia levis (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn. var. trícholaena (H. & P. Syd.) Ra-machar
& Cumm., Mycol. Appl. 25: 44, 1965.
Syn. Diorchidium trícho/aenaeH. & P. Syd., Annls mycol. 10: 33, 1912.
On fíhynche/ytrum sp. (Poaceae).
S. Ant§o, in the cráter of Cova, 1.200 m., 14.11.1982, W. Lobin, II.
This rust, circumglobal in warmer áreas, is new to the flora of Macarone-sia.
Puccinia oahuensisEW. & Ev., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 435, 1895.
On Digitaria ciíiaris (Retz.) Koel. (Poaceae).
S. Antao, Ribeira de las Torres, II; on track from Ribeira das Pedras to
Cova, 350 m., II, and 570 m., II + III; Ribeira Caibos, 640 m., II.
On Digitaria nodosa Parí.
S. Antao, Ribeira das Pedras, 340 m., II, Ribeira Caibos, 620 m., II.
On Digitaria nuda Schum.
S. Antao, on track from Cova to Porto do Paul, 880 m., II + III, and 970
m., II.
S. Nicoiau, on Monte Deserto, 970 m., II + III.
This rust, occurring on severa! species of Digitaria (incl. Syntherisma)
and circumglobal in warm áreas, ¡s new to the rust flora of Macaronesia.
On D. ciliarisW is reported from Uganda, Taiwan and the Philippines, but
D. nodosa and D. nuda are new host for this rust species. The former is distri-buted
in N. África through Somalia and Ethiopia to Pakistán, the latter in tro­pical
África and Mauritius, and also in Brazil.
Puccinia tuyutensis Speg., Fungi Argent. 4: 25, 1881.
Syn. P. cressaeiDC.) Lagh., Bol. Soc. Brot. 1889 p. 131, Aecidiumcres-sae
DC, Fl. Fr. 6: 89, 1815.
On Cressa crética L. (Convolvulaceae).
Santiago, near Praia de S. Francisco, 12.11.1979, W. Lobin, I.
P. tuyutensiswas the first rust fungus ever reported from the archipelago
UREDINALES FROM CAPE VERDE ISLANDS 131
(Montagne 1860, as Aecidium cressae). He gave no locality, but it might be
Sal (Gjaerum, 1974) which at that time was the only locality known. It is wi-despread
in the Mediterranean, both in Europe and África and continuing
eastwards to India. In the Americas it has been recorded from New IVlexico,
Arizona and California (USA), México, Chile and Argentina. C. cretica\s its
main host, but also other Cressa species are involved.
Puccinia única Holw. var. bottomleyae (Doidge) Cumm. & Husain, Bull.
Torrey Bot. Club 93: 60, 1966.
Syn. P. bottomleyae Doidge, Bothalia 3: 498, 1939.
On Aristida adscensionis L. (Poaceae).
S. Antao, Cova, 1.200 m., II.
On Aristida cari/oso/Coutinho.
S. AntSo, on track from Ribeira das Pedras to Cova, 340 m., II.
This rust, originally described from S. África, has been found also in
Uganda and Ethiopia. Outside África it has been reported from Spain, India
and Queensland. JOrstad (1958) reported it as P. bottomleyae on A. adscen-sionisUom
Tenerife and Gomera in the Canary Islands. The rust is new to the
flora of Cape Verde Islands.
Puccinia versicolor D'\et. & Holw. in Holway, Bot. Gazette 24: 28, 1897.
On Andropogon gayanus Kunth (Poaceae).
S. Nicoiau, Ribeira do Chafaris, 730 m., II.
On Heteropogon contortus {L.) PB. ex Roem. & Schult. (Poaceae).
S. Nicoiau, N slope of Monte Gordo, 930 m., II; Canto, on track to Fraga­ta,
730 m., II.
Santiago, Serra da Malagueta, E of the summit, 930 m., II; SW slope of
Pico da Antonia, 1.040 m., II.
P. versicolor'\s a new member of the Macaronesian rust flora. It is wi-despread
in tropical and subtropical áreas in Central and South America, Áfri­ca,
Asia from Pakistán to Japan, and also in Australia. H. contortusseems to
be its main host. In Europe J0rstad (1962) found it in Mallorca, and he indica-ted
that P. cesatii Schroet. f. heteropogonis Beltrán on H. allionii (DO
132 HALVOR B. GJAERUM
Roem. & Schult ( = H. contortus) reported from Spain by González Fragoso
(1924) might belong to P. versicolor.
Its aecial stage (Aecidium plectroniae Cke.) occurs on species of
Caof/7/tym (Rubiáceas) and ¿aníana (Verbenáceas), but it has not been found
ín Macaronesía.
Tranzschelia disco/or {Fuck.) Tranz. & Litv., Bot. Zhurn. 24: 248, 1939.
Syn. Puccinia disco/or Fuck., Fungi Rhen. 2.121, 1867; P. prun/spinosae
Pers. f. disco/or {Fuck.) E. Fisch, Beitr. Krypt. f l . Schweiz II, 2: 156, 1904; T.
pruni-spinosae {Pers.) Diet. var. disco/or {Fuck.) Dunegan, Phytopathology
28: 424, 1938.
On Prunus pérsica (L.) Batsch. (Rosaceae).
S. Antao, on the road from Cova down to Ribeira do Paul, 770 m., II; on
the road from Montano Forte de Leite down to Ribeira do Paul, I!; Ribeira do
Paul, along path to Pico da Cruz, 10.01.1982, 0.H. Rustan (1456), II.
The widespread peach rust is new to the rust flora of Cape Verde. In Ma­caronesía
it is reported on P. pérsica and P. domestica from the Canary
Islands, Madeira and the Azores, in the Cañarles also on P. commurris. It
seems independent of the host-alternation with Anemone s^^., as it is in the
Cañarles (Jprstad, 1958).
Uredo marmoxaiaeSpeg., Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. Aires 26: 121, 1915.
Syn. U. betivora P. Magn. in Bornm., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 33: 412, (nom.
nud.); P. Magn. ex P. & H. Syd., Monogr. Ured. 4: 495, 1924.
U. betae-patellaris Guyot & Malenp., Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérif., Ser. Bot.
11: 144, 1957.
On Pateiiifo/iapatefíaris(Moq.) S., F.-L. & W. (syn. Betapate/larisMoq.)
(Chenopodiaceae).
S. Vicente, at the W side of Monte Verde, 520-620 m.; at the N side of
Monte Verde, 200 m.; Assomada da Baleila, 380 m.; Con Alto, near the sum-mit,
500 m.; E side of Pico Santa Luzia, 250 m., P. Sunding.
On Patellifolia procumbens (Chx. Sm. ex Hornem.) S., F.-L. & W.
S. Nicoiau, Morro Alto, 300 m.
This rust species, easily recognized on its longitudinal, hyaline ridges
UREDINALES FROM CAPE VERDE ISLANDS 133^
over the germpores, was described on B. procumbens from Gran Canaria in
the Canaries. Later it has been found mostly on P. pate/íaris at Gran Canaria,
Lanzarote, Tenerife and Gomera in the Canaries and in Morocco and it has ai-so
been refound on P. procumbens at Gran Canaria. IVÍost Cañarían localities
are in the lowlands, often near the coast, the highest altitude l<nown so far is
300-400 m. (Gjaerum, 1974 a). In the Cape Verde Islands I never found it near
the coast, the reason for which might be the dry ciimate.
Uromyces anthyWdisSchroet., Hedwigia 14: 172, 1875.
On Lotus brunneri\Nebh (Fabaceae).
S. Nicoiau, pass between IVIonte Gordo and Monte Deserto, 920 m., II +
III; Monte Deserto, 950-970 m., 25.11.1976, P. Sunding, II + III.
On Lotus coronH/aefoh'us\Nebb.
S. Vicente, Monte Verde, 700 m., II.
On Lotus purpureus Webb.
S. Nicoiau, Monte Gordo, 930 m., II + III; Ribeiro do Chafariz, near the
pass, 730 m., II + III.
On Lotus S'p.
S. Antao, Cova, S-SW slope, 1.220 m., 04.01.1982, 0.H. Rustan (1296,
1297), II.
Brava, Monte Fontainhas, 24.02.1982, C. Brochmann (1142, 1143), II.
Urom. anthyllidis VJBS reported by Gjaerum (1974) on L. coronillaefolius
from the same locality as now, while L. brunneri and L. purpureus, both en-demic
to the Cape Verde Islands, are new hosts for this rust.
Uromyces bidenticola Arth., Mycologia 9: 71, 1917.
Syn. Uredo bidentis?. Henn., Hedwigia 35: 251, 1896; Uredo bidenticola
P. Henn., ibid. 37: 279, 1898.
On Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae).
S. Antao, on the track from Cova down to Ribeira do Paul, 720-1.170 m.,
II, 950 m., II + III.
S. Vicente, on the W side of Monte Verde, 700 m., II.
134 HALVOR B. GJAERUM
S. Nicoiau, on the road from Cachago to Monte Gordo, 950 m., II; on the
N side of Monte Gordo, 1.000 m., II.
The rust is widespread in tropical and subtropical áreas, but previously
not reported from Cape Verde Islands. The host, common in Macaronesia, is
regularly infected with this rust. In the Americas it is recorded on other Bidens
spp., and in West Indies also on Cosmos caudatusH.B.K. B. pi/osals also the
main host of Uromyces bidentis Lagh., a microcyclic species occurring in tro­pical
America.
The two íy/-omyces species, the brachyform Urom. bidentíco/aArth. and
the microcyclic Urom. bidentis Lagh. have often been confused. Both occur,
even on the same host specimen, in the Americas. Urom. bidenticola occurs
from Argentina to southern U.S. and Bermuda. In subtropical and tropical
áreas in the eastern Hemisphere it mainly occurs in the uredineal stage. Telia
have been reported by Ito (1950). Also Bouriquet & Bassino (1965) and Ragu-nathan
& Ramakrishnan (1972) mentioned telia from Madagascar (as Urom.
bidentis Lagh.) and the Madras State of India, respectiveiy. In the specimen
from S. Antao teliospores (Fig. 1) measured 29-40 x 18-27 um with apex
thickened up to 6.5 um. Most teliospores had germinated.
Uromyces b/ainvifíeae Berk., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. London 14: 92, 1875.
On Blainvillea gayana Cass. (Asteraceae).
Santiago, Mt. JoSo Teves, E of S. Jorge, 17.12.1981, C. Brockmann
(427/81), III.
The teliospores are subgloboid to globoid, 31-35 (-38) x 27-32/zm, wall
verrucose, dark brown, 4jUm thick, apex including the palé brown, verrucose
papilla thickened up to 11 fim.
Urom. biainvi//eaehacheen reported on several Biainviiieaspp. from Bra-zil,
Senegal, Sudan, Ethiopia, Sri Lanka and India. Mayor (1964) reported it
on B. gayana from Senegal and Eboh (1978) on Aspilia africana (Pers.) C.D.
Adams from Nigeria. It is a new member of the Macaronesian rust flora.
From India Chavan & Bakare (1973) described Urom. satarensis on B. la-tifolia
DC. separating it from U. blainvilleae'm having smaller teliospores {(20-)
24.5 (-28) X (20-) 24 (-26.5)|tim) with a 2.5-4/¿m thick wall. Mayor (op. cit.)
when discussing the Senegal specimen, measured the teliospores to 21 (23-
26) 28 X 21 (23-26) 28|Um with a 3-4/¿m thick wall. He alsO studied other spe-cimens,
among them an Indian specimen on B. iatifolia with spores of the sa-
UREDINALES FROM CAPE VERDE ISLANDS 135
Jó^ñT
Fig. 1: Uromyces bidenticola, XeMospores.
136 _^_____ HALVOR B. GJAERUM
me size and wall thickness. The Sydows (1910) who studied specimens of B.
latifolia and B. rhomboideae Cass. (= B. latifolia) from Sri Lanka, Ethiopia
and Brazil, measured the teliospores to 28-35 x 20-32/xm. Ragunathan and
Ramakrishnan (1972) reported Urom. blainvilleae on B. rhomboideae from
Coimbatore in India. They had also seen the type specimen and found the
telio-spores to be 22-33 x 17-28 /xm and apex with the papilla up to 12 ¡jvm.
Judging from the descriptiones of various authors the two species in
question seem very similar and might be conspecific. A comparison of the
material including the types will probably solve the problem.
Uromyces c/ignyiPat. & Har., J. Bot. 14: 237, 1900.
On Heteropogon contortus {L.) PB. ex Roem. & Schult. (Poaceae).
S. Ant§o, on track from Cova to Porto do Paul, 1.040 m., II.
S. Vicente, Monte Verde, near the summit, 700 m., II.
The species is new to the rust flora of Macaronesia. Occurring on several
genera of the Andropogonoideae of the Poaceae it has a wide distribution
from África to India, Philippines and China, Australia, Central America, Méxi­co
and West Indies. On H. contortus it is reported from Pakistán, India and
New Caledonia. The aecial stage of Urom. c/ignyi, known as Aecidium hart-wegiaeJhüm.
(syn. A. ch/orophy ti Pat. & Har., A. ch/orophy ti Kalchbr., A.
c/7/7/Kalchbr.), occurs on hosts belonging to Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae.
Uromyces euphorbiae Cooke & Peck in Peck, Annal. N.Y. State Mus. 25: 90,
1873.
Syn. Urom. proéminensLév., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. III, 8: 371, 376, 1847;
Urom. euphorbiico/a Tranz., Annls mycol. 8: 8, 1910.
On Euphorbia prostrata NX. (Euphorbiaceae).
Santiago, near S. Jorge, 30.11.1982, W. Lobin, I -i- II -i- III.
Urom. euphorbiae, a new species to the rust flora of Cape Verde Islands,
is widely distributed in warmer and températe regions. In Macaronesia it has
previously been reported on £. prostrata from the Canary Islands (La Palma
and Gomera) and Madeira, from Madeira also on £ chamaesyce L. So far it
has not been found in the Azores.
UREDINALES FROM CAPE VERDE ISLANDS 137
Uromyces setariae-itaficae Vosh., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 20: 247, 1906.
Syn. U. leptodermus H. & P. Syd., Annls mycol. 4: 430, 1906.
On Setaria adhaerens (Forssk.) Chiov. (Poaceae).
S. Vicente, Monte Verde, near the summit, 700 m., II + III and at the W
slope, 520 m., II.
S. Nicoiau, Monte Joaquim, on the SW slope, II + ill.
Urom. setariae-italicae is new to the Cape Verde Islands, but ¡t is known
in the Azores, Madeira and the Cañarles, in Madeira also on S. adhaerens.
Outside this área it is circumglobal in warm regions, occurring on several gra-minicolous
host generea.
GENERAL REMARKS
In the present paper are reported 23 rust taxa, 7 of which are new to the
flora of Macaronesia and 12 are new to the Cape Verde Islands. In addition
four species, viz. Aecidium asperifolii Pers. on Echium hypertropicum Webb
(Santiago), Phakopsora zizyphi-vulgaris Diet. on Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.
(Santiago), P. maydis Ber. on Zea mays L. (S. Vicente), and P. recóndita
Rob. ex Desm. on a Poaceae (S. Vicente) have been reported earlier (cf. Gjae-rum,
1974).
On S. AntSo 16 taxa are known, on S. Nicoiau 10, on S. Vicente 9, on
Santiago 8, and on Sal, Fogo and Brava only one taxon of each island is
known. From the three islands S. Lucia, Boavista and Maio no rust has been
reported.
LITERATURE
BORNMÜLLER, J. 1903.— Ergebnisse zweier botanischer Reisen nach Madeira und den Cana-rischen
Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 33: 387-492.
BOURIQUET, G. & BASSINO, J.P. 1965.- Les Urédinées de Madagascar. París.
CHAVAN, P.B. & BAKARE, V.B. 1973.- New rusts from India. Maharashtra Vidnyan Mandir
Patríka 8: 36-43.
CHEVALIER, A. 1935.- Les lies du Cap Vert. Flore de l'Archipel. Rev. Bot. Appl. 15: 733-1.090.
CUMMINS, G.B. 1971.— Tñe rust fungí of cereals, grasses and bamboos. Berlin, Heidelberg,
New York.
EBOH, D.O. 1978.— A taxonomic survey of Nigerian rustfungi Uredinales nigerianensis - 1 . My-co/
ofifís 70: 1.077-1.085.
BOTÁNICA MACARONESICA 12-13
ÍNDICE
Págs.
Julio D. Rodrigo Pérez & Víctor IVIontelongo Parada. Distribución de espe­cies
significativas para la comprensión de las formaciones boscosas en Gran Ca­naria
(Islas Canarias). I 3
Víctor Montelongo Parada, Julio D. Rodrigo Pérez & David Bramweil.
Sobre la vegetación de Gran Canaria 17
Aguedo Marrero Rodríguez. Sobre plantas relícticas de Gran Canaria: co­mentarios
corológico-ecológicos 51
Amoldo Santos Guerra & Manuel Fernández Galván. Notas sobre Polycar-paea
filifolia Webb ex Christ 63
Magdalena Sofía Jorge Blanco. Estudio comparativo de los granos de almi­dón
de dos especies canarias del género Euphorbia 71
Rosa Febles Hernández. Análisis cariotípico del género Carlina L. (Composi-tae)
en las Islas Canarias 87
Evelia Delgado, M? Nieves González & Dolores Jorge. Contribución ai es­tudio
de la vegetación ficológica de la zona de Arinaga (Gran Canaria) 97
Dolores Jorge, M.' Nieves González & Evelia Delgado. Macrofitobentos del
litoral del Puerto de las Nieves (Gran Canaria) 111
Halvor B. Gjaerum. Rust fungi (Uredinales) from Cape Verde Islands 123