mdC
|
pequeño (250x250 max)
mediano (500x500 max)
grande
Extra Large
grande ( > 500x500)
Alta resolución
|
|
Rev. Acad. Canar. Cienc. Vol. XXIV, 63-80 (diciembre dc 2012) CHECKLIST AND ACCOUNT OF THE LOPHOGASTRIDA (CRUSTACEA, PERACARIDA) OF THE CANARY ISLANDS, W ITH NOTES ON TAXONOMY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE SPECIES Wittmann, K.J.' & R. Riera * Abteilung tiir Okotoxikologie, Zentrum fiir Public Health, Medizinische Uni\ersitat W ien Kinderspitalgasse 15, A- 1090 Vienna, Austria - Centre de Investigaciones Medioambientales del Atlantico (CIMA SL) Arzobispo Elias Yanes. 44. 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife. islas Canarias *corresponding author: rodrigo(a cimacanarias.com RESUMEN Las aguas que rodean el archipielago canario constituyen las de mayor riqueza de espe-cies de lofogastridos en el Oceano Atlantico, con doce especies meso y batipelagicas de este grupo. Esta di\ersidad es debida a la ele\ada intensidad de nuestros conjuntamente con las fa-vorables condiciones marinas. Todas las especies citadas son propias de esta zona, aunque el grado de endemicidad es muy bajo. Diez especies son consideradas cosmopolitas y dos presen-tan una distribucion restringida al area Atlantica, encontrandose limitada una de ellas al Atlantico Este. Ademas. se analizan a ni\'el biogeografico las areas de distribucion de las especies canarias de lofogastridos con zonas adyacentes (Macaronesia, Mediterraneo y Costa Atlantica Africana). Palabras clave: Crustacea. Lophogastrida, plancton. mesopelagico, batipelagico, islas Canarias. Oceano Atlantico ABSTRACT The species numbers of lophogastrids in open waters off E. Atlantic islands (Azores, Madeira. Canaries, and Cape Verdes) exceed those in waters off N.W. African continental coasts and in the Mediterranean Sea. With twelve currently known, mainly meso- to bathy-pelagic species, the waters off the Canary Islands appear to be the most species-rich in the At-lantic Ocean. This comparatively large number may reflect high sampling intensity in combination with favourable environmental conditions. All the here documented species ap-pear to be indigenous, but the degree of endemism is very low: ten Canarian species are cos-mopolitans, two are endemic to the Atlantic, only one of the latter two is restricted to the E. Atlantic. Biogeographical data are provided for the lophogastrids from the Canary Islands and surrounding areas (Macaronesian region, Mediterranean and Atlantic African coasts). Key words: Crustacea, Lophogastrida, plankton, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, Canary Islands, Atlantic Ocean 63 INTRODUCTION The present contribution critically evaluates the literature data along with original records of lophogastrid species in the framework of large-scale surveys on the marine biodi-versity of the Canary archipelago. Consideration is also given to the species diversity in open waters off the Canaries versus that off other E. Atlantic archipelagos, off W. African coasts, and in the Mediterranean Sea. The literature data for the Gulf of Mexico is provided for com-parison. Finally, the importance of potential endemics as opposed to pan-thalassic cos-mopolitans for local faunas is evaluated. The lophogastrids are shrimp-like marine crustaceans with stalked eyes. They are char-acterized by an elongate carapace fused with anterior thoracic segments but not with some of the terminal ones. Eight pairs of biramous thoracic legs are present, all or only some equipped with gills. Thoracic exopods are feebly to moderately developed, supporting the respiratory current and swimming; the endopods are variously specialized, such as for filter feeding and grasping prey. Females carry eggs and larvae in a brood pouch below the thorax. A marsupium is formed by seven pairs of oostegites. The five pairs of pleopods act as strong swimming legs; all are biramous and well developed in both sexes, without sexual dimorphism. No sta-tocyst is present in the tail fan. Members of this order occur in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean. They are generally meso- to bathypelagic (mostly > 1 ,000 m depth), but a few—mostly bentho-pelagic—species are common in shallower waters (< 200 m depth, e.g. many populations of Lophogaster typ-icus M. Sars, 1857). Interestingly, this group shows more species in the Pacific and Indian Oceans than in the Atlantic Ocean. Currently, a total of 50 living species plus one non-nomino-typical subspecies, belonging to eight genera and three families (Lophogastridae, Gnathophausiidae, and Eucopiidae), are recognized for the Lophogastrida (Anderson [2]). MATERIALS AND METHODS Body length was measured from tip ofrostrum to terminal margin oftelson without spines. Most material studied was from pelagic and also epibenthic samples taken by the expeditions listed below. For additional sampling campaigns see Wittmann et al. [71]. From this extensive ma-terial, only those species are treated here in detail that were (also) confirmed for the Canaries. Expeditions CANCAP-I (Madeira, 1976), CANCAP-II (Canaries, Morocco, 1977), CAN-CAP- III (Madeira, Mauritania, 1978), CANCAP-V (Azores, 1981), and CANCAP-VII (Cape Verde, 1986), and TYRO Mauritania-II (1988). Expeditions organized and material deposited in the National Natural History Museum (Rijksmuseum) Leiden. Expedition ANTARKTIS-XXIII/2 organized by the Alfred-Wegener-Institut fur Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven: Pelagic samples taken in the S. Atlantic and Antarctic during southern summer 2005/06 with the vessel PES Polarstem, leg. Ute Miihlenhardt- Siegel. Material at the Zoological Museum Hamburg. Expeditions Kana Koeki, Norpax Equat. Himb. (tropical Pacific, 1977-1979), Dominator Cruise 021 (tropical Pacific, 1982), and Sargasso Eel & Maine, Cruise 83 (N.W. Atlantic, 1983). Material determined for the Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center. Cruise 113 by FS "Poseidon" (off Portugal, 1984). Material at the Senckenberg Museum, Frankftirt am Main; coll. n° 39206-39212. 64 RESULTS Order Lophogastrida G.O. Sars, 1870 Family Eucopiidae G.O. Sars, 1885 Eucopia australis Dana, 1852 Eiicopia australis Dana [13]: 609-611, PI. 40 (lOa-m): Caiman [5]: 15: Illig [35]: 404-405: Nouvel [45]: 26-27, PI. 1(17-19); Tattersall [60]: 48-49, Fig. 4C-D; Wittmann [70]: 130, Fig. 257; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Haroun & Garrido [30]; Wittmann et al. [71]; Fukuoka [23]: 407-408; Price £^r^//. [52]. Material studied: S. Atlantic and Antarctic (all samples from expedition ANTARKTIS-XXIII/2): 1 1 spec, N of Bouvet Island, sta. 30-1, combined rectangular midwater trawls (RMT 1 and RMT 8), tow from 51.01 17S 6.1283E to 51.1783S 6.3800E, 3.130-1,000 m, bottom 3,738 m, 25 Nov. 2005.- 2 spec, off Bouvet Island, sta. 34-1, RMT 8, tow from 55.0367S 2.98 1 7E to 54.9 150S 2.83 17E, 1,000-2.429 m, bottom 2.860 m. 26 Nov. 2005.- 6 spec, Lazarev Sea. sta. 93-5. combined RMT 1 and RMT 8. tow from64.9950S2.9867Wto64.8083S2.8300\V. 1.000-3.003 m. bottom 3.270 m. 23 Dec 2005.- 1 spec. Antarctic, NNW of Atka bay. sta. 127-1, RMT 8, tow from 69.4600S 8.9567W to 69.4083S 9.21 17W. 1,000 m, bottom 2,850 m. 2 Jan. 2006.- 2 F ad.. 1 M ad.. 1 F subad.. 3 imm.. 3 juv.. Antarctic. NNW of Atka bay, sta. 127-2. RMT 8. tow from 69.4083S 9.2183W to 69.2883S 9.6917W, 1,000-2,500 m, bot-tom 3.400 m. 2 Jan. 2006. Distribution.- Depth range: 600-6,000 m. Cosmopolitan, but not found in Arctic waters. Well known from Antarctic, S. Atlantic, and Indian Oceans according to Ortmann [47, 48], Hansen [27], Zimmer [76], and Illig [35]. These samples confirm previous records from the S. At-lantic and Antarctic. In addition, this species was recorded by Caiman [5] for deep waters SW off Ireland; by Nouvel [45] for the Azores, based on two juveniles only; and by Tattersall [60] for waters off Cape Verde Islands. Given in faunal lists by Haroun &. Garrido [30] for the Ca-naries and by Price et al. [52] for the Gulf of Mexico. Eucopia grimaldii H. Nouvel, 1942 Eucopia Grimaldii Nouvel [44]: 5-6, Figs. 5-8; [45]: 40-43. PI. II (36-40). Eucopia grimaldii - Tattersall & Tattersall [63]: 106-108. Fig. 11a; Tattersall [60]: 54-56. Fig. 5; [61]: 146; Casanova [7]: 20-22. 385. Fig. 6; Lagardere [37]: 812-813; Casanova £^/ ^/. [8^: 60-61, Figs. 2-3; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Hargreaves [29]: 12, Tabs. 2, 4-6; Haroun & Gar-rido [30]; Wittmann et al. [71]; Fukuoka [23]: 408-409; Price et al. [52]; San Vicente [53]. Eucopia grimaldi - Vereshchaka [65]: 118. Material studied: N.W. Atlantic- 2 F ad., body length 25.2-27.9 mm. 1 imm.. NW of Bemiuda. 32.41 7N 64. 983 W. 1.000-2.000 m. 13 Sept. 1989. leg. Teddy Tucker: Bemiuda Aquarium. Natural Histor\ Mu-seum and Zoo. Distribution.- Depth range: 300-3.000 m. Cosmopolitan, but not found in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans. Recorded by Nouvel [45] from Azores, Canaries, and off Brittany. Reported 65 by Tattersall & Tattersall [63] for waters offAzores and Madeira, and by Tattersall [60] for wa-ters off Cape Verde Islands. Eucopia major Hansen, 1910 Eucopia w^yor Hansen [26]: 21, PL I (4a-b); Illig [35]: 405; Nouvel [45]: 28-29, PI. I (20-25); Tattersall [62]: 33; Springer & Bullis [59]; Fumestin [24]: 1 8 1 ; Lagardere [37]: 812-813; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Haroun & Garrido [30]; Wittmann et al. [71]; San Vicente [53]. Material studied: Canary Islands.- 1 M ad., body length 66.8 mm, SW of Fuerteventura, Punta de Mor-rojable, 27.967N 14.200W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.68, ring-trawl, 1,700 m, bottom 1,810 m, 29 Aug. 1977, 22.20-00.55 hrs.- 1 F imm. 37. 1 mm, SW of El Hierro, off Punta de Orchilla, 27. 600N 1 8.267W, CAN-CAP- II, sta. 2.140, ring-trawl with weight, 2,000 m, bottom > 2,800 m, 9 Sept. 1977, 3.15-6.15 hrs. Distribution.- Depth range 1000-5000 m. Boreal to tropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Recorded by Nouvel [45] from Golfe de Gascogne, Canaries, and off the coast of Morocco. Indicated by Furnestin [24] with query for the Gulf of Lion (Mediter-ranean). The present resuhs confirm the previous records from the Canaries. Eucopia sculpticauda Faxon, 1893 Eucopia sculpticauda Faxon [21]: 218; [22]: 219-221, Pis. K (2, 2d), LIII (1-ld); Hansen [25]: 7, Fig. 4; Illig [35]: 400-403, Figs. 1-6; Fage [20]: 56-60, Figs. 40-42; Nouvel [45]: 22-26, PI. I (14-16); Tattersall & Tattersall [63]: 109-112, Figs. 12-13; Tattersall [60]: 52- 54; [61]: 146; Casanova [7]: 300-302, 387-389, Fig. 86, Tab. 52; Lagardere [37]: 813- 814; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Haroun & Garrido [30]; Wittmann et al [71]: 1262, Tab. I; Price era/. [52]. Eucopia intermedia Hansen [25]: 5-7, Figs. 2-3. Material studied: Madeira.- 1 F ad., body length 42.8 mm, S of Porto Santo, 32.883N 16.367W, CAN-CAP- III, sta. 3.021, ring-trawl with weight, wire 2,500 m, bottom 2,580-3,220 m, 16 Oct. 1978.- 1 imm. 29.6 mm, S of Madeira, 32.500N 16.817W, CANCAP-I, sta. 116, ring trawl, wire 500 m, bottom 2,320- 2,420 m, 18 Mar. 1976.- 1 M ad. 40.3 mm, S of Madeira, 32.367N 16.917W, CANCAP-III, sta. 3.046, ring-trawl with stone, wire 2,000 m, bottom 3,160-3,200 m, 19 Oct. 1978.- 1 F ad. 47.1 mm, SE of Madeira, 32.450N 16.883W, CANCAP-I, sta. 1.105, ring-trawl, wire 1250 m, bottom 2,500-2,650 m, 17 Mar. 1976.- 1 F ad. 42.8 mm, S of Porto Santo, 32.883N 16.367W, CANCAP-III, sta. 3.021, ring-trawl with weight, wire 2,500 m, bottom 2,580-3,220 m, 16 Oct. 1978. Morocco.- 1 M ad. 40.0 mm, W of Cape Yubi, 28.017N 13.367W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.52, ring-trawl with weight, 400 m, bottom 570 m, 00.30-01.40 hrs, 28 Aug. 1977. Canary Islands.- 1 imm. 12.5 mm, SW of Fuerteventura, Punta de Morrojable, 27.967N 14.200W, CAN-CAP- II, sta. 2.68, ring-trawl, 1,700 m, bottom 1,810 m, 22.20-00.55 hrs, 29 Aug. 1977.- 1 juv. 11.3 mm, sampling data as before, 8 Sept. 1994.- 1 F ad. 48.0 mm, SW of El Hierro, off Punta de Orchilla, 27.667N 18.167W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.116, ring-trawl with weight, 1,000 m, bottom 2,500 m, 2.20-3.40 hrs, 5 Sept. 1977.- 2 F ad. 48.2-53.4 mm, 1 juv. with head missing, SW of El Hierro, off Punta de Orchilla, 27.600N 18.267W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.140, ring-trawl with weight, 2,000 m, bottom > 2,800 m, 3.15- 6.15 hrs, 8 Sept. 1977.- For additional materials see Wittmann et al. [71]. Mauritania.- 1 F ad. 50.0 mm in 2 parts, off Banc d'Arguin, 19.717N 17.500W, TYRO Maurita-nia- II, sta. MAU.104, 3.5 m Agassiz trawl in 1,500 m, 17 June 1988. 66 Cape Verde Islands.- 1 F ad. 56.8 mm. S of Santiago, 14.85N 23.25 W, CANCAP-VII, sta. 7.001, midwater trawl, 0-750 m, 1 8 Aug. 1 986.- 1 F ad. 32.2 mm, 2 M ad. 30.0-30.6 mm, S of Branco, 1 6.5 1 7N 24.81 7W, CANCAP-VII, sta. 7.148, midwater trawl. 0-1,100 m. 4/5 Sept. 1986. Tropical Pacific.- 1 F ad. 52 mm, tow from 4.0 17N 1 50.1 83W to 4.183N 150.216W, 1.100 m, Norpax Equat. Himb.. sta. 77-12-16, 1 1 Dec. 1977. Distribution.- Depth range: 400-6,000 m. Cosmopolitan, but not found in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans. Recorded by Illig [35] and Tattersall [60] for waters off Cape Verde Is-lands; by Page [20] and Nouvel [45] from Azores, Madeira, Canaries, and off the coasts all along western Africa, from waters near Iceland, Hebrides, off Mexico and the Cape of Good Hope. The present results fit well with this distributional scheme. Eiicopia ungiiiculata (Willemoes-Suhm, 1875) Chalaraspis imguiciilata Willemoes-Suhm [67]: 37-43, PI. VIII. Eiicopia imguiciilata - Colosi [11]: 2; Illig [35]: 403-405; Tattersall & Tattersall [63]: 101-106. Figs. 9-1 1; Tattersall [60]: 50-52, Fig. 4A-B; Springer & Bullis [59]; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Haroun & Garrido [30]; Nikoforos [40]; Wittmann et al. [71]: 1263. Tab. I; Price et al. [52]; San Vicente [53]. Eiicopia Hanseni Nouvel [44]: 3, Figs. 1-4; Fage [20]: 47-56, Fig. 36; Nouvel [45]: 30-40, PI. I (26-35). Eiicopia hanseni - Fumestin [24]: 181; Hoenigman [31]: 606-607, Fig. 3; Casanova [7]: 20- 38, 201, Figs. 5-8, 48, 53, 55, 58, 70; Lagardere & Nouvel [38]: 384; Lagardere [37]: 811- 812; Cartes & Sorbe [6]: 191, 194; Tabs. 1-2; San Vicente [53]. Material studied: N.W. Atlantic- 1 M ad., body length 27.7 mm, NW of Bemiuda, 32.41 7N 64.983W. 1000-2000 m, 13 Sept. 1989, leg. Teddy Tucker; Bermuda Aquarium, Natural History Museum and Zoo. Mediterranean.- 1 fragmented subad. ca. 20 mm, Levantine Sea, S of Crete, tow with trawl from 34.383N 26.033E to 34.383N 26.087E, 4 1 78-4390 m, FS. Meteor cmise 5. section 1 , sta. M5-22Ku. 1 8 Jan. 1987, leg. Senckenberg Institut Wilhelmshafen. Madeira.- 1 F ad. 24.0 mm, 2 F subad., 2 F num., S of Porto Santo, 32.883N 16.367W, CANCAP-III, sta. 3.021, ring-trawl with weight, wire 2,500 m, bottom 2,580-3,220 m, 16 Oct. 1978.- 6 imm. ju\., S of Porto Santo, 32.883N 16.400W, CANCAP-III, sta. 3.035, ring-trawl with weight, wire 1,000 m, bottom 3,024-3,196 m, 17 Oct. 1978.- 2 F imm. 21.5-25.1 mm, SE of Madeira, 32.583N 16.733W, CANCAP-1. sta. 1.035, ring-trawl, wire 1,250 m, bottom about 2,000 m, 10 Mar. 1976.- 1 imm. 13.1 mm. S of Madeira. 32.567N 16.850W, CANCAP-I, sta. 88, ring-trawl, wire 1,500 m, bottom 1,920-2,060 m, 16 Mar. 1976.- 1 M29.3mm, 1 imm., S of Madeira, 32.51 7N 16.883W, CANCAP-I, sta. 1.1 15, ring-trawl, wire 1,000 m, bottom 2,350-2.400 m, 18 Mar. 1976, 22.20-00.55 hrs.- 1 F subad. 27.7 mm. 1 M subad. 27.0 mm. S of Madeira, 32.5N 16.9W, CANCAP-I, sta. 89, ring-trawl, wire 2.000 m. bottom 2.200-2.370 m. 16 Mar. 1976.- 4 F ad. 25.3-28.8 mm, S of Madeira, 32.500N 16.817W, CANCAP-I, sta. 116, ring trawl, wire 500 m, bottom 2,320-2,420 m, 1 8 Mar. 1 976.- 1 M ad. 30.0 mm, 2 F ad. 27.6-28.5 mm, 1 F subad.. 1 imm.. SE of Madeira, 32.450N 16.883W, CANCAP-I, sta. 1.105, ring-trawl, wire 1,250 m, bottom 2,500-2,650 m. 17Mar. 1976.- 1 Fad. 25.1 mm, 8 F subad.,4 imm., 6juv., S of Madeira. 32.367N 1 6.91 7W, CANCAP-III, sta. 3.046, ring-trawl with stone, wire 2,000 m, bottom 3,160-3,200 m, 19 Oct. 1978. Selvagens Islands.- Samples listed in Wittmann et al. [71]. Morocco.- 7 imm. 15.3-20.4 mm. 10 juv.. W of Cape Yubi. 28.033N 13.450W, CANCAP-II. sta. 2.42, ring-trawl with weight, 750 m, bottom 1.000 m, 27 Aug. 1977, 03.50-05.30 hrs.- 3 F ad. 20.0-26.2 mm, 1 Mad. 21.3 mm, 1 F subad., 2 imm., W of Cape Yubi, 28.01 7N 13.367W, CANCAP-II. sta. 2.52. ring-trawl with weight, 400 m, bottom 570 m, 28 Aus. 1977. 00.30-01.40 hrs. 67 Canary Islands.- 1 F ad. 28.7 mm, 2 M ad. 27.2-31.1 mm, SW of Fuerteventura, Punta de Mor-rojable, 27.967N 14.200W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.68, ring-trawl, 1,700 m, bottom 1,810 m, 29 Aug. 1977, 22.20-00.55 hrs.- 1 F ad. 28.6 mm, S of Fuerteventura, Punta Jandia, 27.783N 14.400W, CAN-CAP- II, sta. 2.06, abyssal plain at 2,050 m depth, 2.4 m Agassiz trawl, 23 Aug. 1977.- 1 M ad. 30. 1 mm, 5 F ad. 25.5-31.2 mm, 1 F subad., 2 imm., 2 juv., SW of El Hierro, off Punta de Orchilla, 27.600N 18.267W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.140, ring-trawl with weight, 2,000 m, bottom > 2,800 m, 8 Sept. 1977, 3.15-6.15 hrs.- 1 F imm. 25.6 mm, 1 imm. 25.5 mm, SW of El Hierro, off Punta de Or-chilla, 27. 550N 18.167W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.151, ring-trawl with weight, 2,500 m, bottom 3,000 m, 10 Sept. 1977, 2.15-6.00 hrs.- 1 M ad. 26.2 mm, SW of El Hierro, off Punta de Orchilla, 27. 350N 18.0I7W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.164, ring-trawl, 0-2,000 m, bottom 2,700 m, 10 Sept. 1977, 21.14-00.45 hrs. Mauritania.- Fragments of 1 F ad. and 1 F subad., off Mauritania, 18.850N 1 6.933W, TYRO Mau-ritania- II, sta. MAU.041, 3.5 m Agassiz trawl, 800-840 m, 10 June 1988. Cape Verde Islands.- 1 F ad. 27.6 mm, 1 F imm., S of Branco, 16.517N 24.817W, CANCAP-VII, sta. 7.148, midwater trawl, 0-1,100 m, 4/5 Sept. 1986.- 2 F ad. 25.0-28.2 mm, N of Ilheu Grande, 15.133N 24.583W, CANCAP-VII, sta. 7.035, midwater trawl, 0-2,000 m, 23/24 Aug. 1986.- 1 M ad. 32.8 mm, 4 F subad. 26.2-29.3 mm, S of Santiago, 14.85N 23.25W, CANCAP-VII, sta. 7.001, midwater trawl, 0-750 m, 18 Aug. 1986. S. Atlantic- 3 spec, N of Bouvet Island, ANTARKTIS-XXIII/2, sta. 30-1, combined rectangular midwater trawls (RMT 1 and RMT 8), tow from 5 1.0 11 7S 6.1283E to 5 1.1 783 S 6.3800E, 1,000-3,130 m, bottom 3,738 m, 25 Nov. 2005. Distribution.- Depth range: 100-6,500 m. Mostly in tropical to temperate waters of the Pa-cific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans, also in boreal and subarctic waters; absent in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans. Recorded by Colosi [10, 11] from the Bosporus (Mamiora Sea) and the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean), and by Illig [35] from waters off Madeira, Mauritania, and Senegal. Reported by Fage [20] and Nouvel [45] as E. Hanseni from many stations in the E. Atlantic between 37°S and 48°N, including Azores, Madeira, Canaries, and waters off the coast of Morocco; and from inany stations in the W. Mediterranean between Gibraltar and Sardinia. Reported by Tattersall [60] as E. unguiculata for waters off Cape Verde Islands. The present results confirm previous records from the Atlantic. Fam. Gnathophausiidae Udrescu, 1984 Gnathophausia gracilis Willemoes-Suhm, 1875 Gnathophausia gracilis W\\\QmoQS-S\x\m\ [67]: 33-37, PL IX (1-15); Illig [35]: 409-410, Figs. 15-17; Fage [19]: 27-34, Figs. 27-30; Vereshchaka [65]: 118; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Haroun & Garrido [30]; Wittmann et al. [71]; Price ct al [52]. Gnathophausia gracilis var. brevispinis Wood-Mason & Alcock [74]: 188. Gnathophausia brevispinis - Wood-Mason & Alcock [75]: 269; Faxon [22]: 216-218, 257-258, 262, PL J. Gnathophausia dentata Faxon [21]: 217. Gnathophausia bidentata Illig [34]: 229-230, Fig. 2. Material studied: Canary Islands.- 1 M ad., body length 69.8 mm, SW of El Hierro. off Punta de Or-chilla, 27.600N 18.267W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.140, ring-trawl with weight, 2,000 m. bottom > 2,800 m, 8 Sept. 1977, 3.15-6.15 hrs. 68 Cape Verde Islands.- 2 imm. 76.8-79.3 mm. 1 juv.. N of Ilheu Grande. 15.133N 24.583W, CAN-CAP- VII, sta. 7.035, midwater trawl, 0-2,000 m, 23/24 Aug. 1986. N-Pacific (all samples by Norpax Equat. Himb.).- 2 F subad. 46-57 mm; 1 M ad. 68 mm, tow from 4.0 17N 150.183W to 4.183N 150.216W. 1.100 m, sta. 77-12-16. 11 Dec. 1977.- 1 F subad. 50 mm, tow from 13.5N 150.0Wto 13.317N 150.000\V. 950 m. sta. 78-1-2. 7 Jan. 1978.- 2 F subad. 56-66 mm, 1 M subad. 48 mm, 2 JUV.. tow from 20.0 17N 150.200Wto 19.967N 1 50.383 W, 900 m. sta. 77-1 2- 34, 17 Dec. 1977.- 2 juv. 39-44 mm. tow tVom 21.33N 1 58.33W to 21.35N 1 58.50W. 1.100 m. sta. 78- 05-6, 2 May 1978. Distribution.- Depth range: 900-5,000 m. Circumtropical, so far not recorded from boreal to arc-tic waters. Reported by Fage [19] from (sub)tropical waters of all oceans, including waters off the Canary and Cape Verde Islands. The present results tit well w ith this distributional scheme. Gnathophaiisia zoea W illemoes-Suhm, 1873 Gnathophaiisia zoea WiUemoes-Suhm [66]: 401: [67]: 32-33, 37, PI. X (4): lUig [35]: 408- 409, Figs. 13-14: Nouvel [45]: 15-19, PI. 1(12), Tab. I; Tattersall & TattersalU63]: 82-88, Figs. 3-^5. Gnathophaiisia ^villemoesii Sars [56]: 38, PI. V (1-6); Faxon [22]: 215, PI. K (1). Gnathophaiisia zoea var. sarsi Wood-Mason & Alcock [74]: 187. Gnathophaiisia cristata lUig [34]: 319-321, Figs. A-B. Gnathophaiisia zoea - Fage [19]: 34-39, Figs. 31-36: Lagardere & Nouvel [38]: 377-382, Figs. 1-10: Lagardere [37]: 810; Vereshchaka [65]: 118; Escobar-Briones & Soto [17]; Diirr [15]; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Duir & Gonzalez [16]; Haroun & Garrido [30]; Wittmann et al. [71]: 1261; Price et al [52]; San Vicente [53]. Material studied: N.E. Atlantic off Portugal (all samples from FS "Poseidon" cruises).- 1 F ad., body length 54.4 mm, 41.155N9.333\V. sta. Pos 113-9kul 1002. 800-900 m. 20 Nov. 1984.- 1 M ad. 42.9 mm. 40.120N9.838W, sta. Pos 113-11 ZD 1010. 1.160-1.340 m. 21 Nov. 1984.- 1 M ad. 44.9 mm, 39.21 7N 10.360W, sta. Pos 113-16 ZD 1017, 1,380-1,450 m, 22 Nov. 1984.- 2 imm. 24.9-35.8 mm. 39.217N 1 0.2 1 OW, sta. Po- 1 1 3 1 1 7 ZD, 740-920 m, 22 Nov. 1 984. Canary Islands.- 2 spec. 31.7-35.2 mm, SW of Fuerteventura. Punta de Morrojable. 27.967N 14.200W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.68, ring-trawl, 1,700 m, bottom 1,810 m, 29 Aug. 1977, 22.20-00.55 hrs.- 1 spec. ca. 47 mm, SW of El Hierro, off Punta de Orchilla, 27.65N 18.20W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.123, ring-trawl with weight. 1.500 m. bottom > 2.000 m. 2.25-4.50 hrs. 6 Sept. 1977.- 1 F subad. ca. 48.9 mm. SW of El Hierro. off Punta de Orchilla. 27.667N 18.167W. CANCAP-II. sta. 2.130. 1.2 m Agassiz trawl. 1,500-1,800 m, 8 Sept. 1977. Mauritania.- 3 F ad. 57.7-62.3 mm. 2 M ad. 52.5-56.7 mm. 1 imm., off Mauritania. 20.367N 17.900W. CANCAP-III, sta. 3. 119, 5 m beam trawl, 1,000 m, 28 Oct. 1978.- 1 M ad. 58.4 mm. 1 F subad. 57.5 mm, 3 imm.. off Banc d'Arguin. 19.717N 17.500\V. TYRO Mauritania-ll. sta. MAU.104. 3.5 m Agassiz trawl in 1,500 m, 17 June 1988.- 2 F ad. 62.3-63.8 mm, 4 M ad. 53.2-64.9 mm, 4 subad., 5 imm.. off Mauritania, 19.150N 16.867W, TYRO Mauritania-II, sta. MAU.062, 2.4 m Agassiz trawl, 800-1,200 m. steep slope. 12 June 1988.- 3 F ad. 49.6-59.7 mm. 2 M ad. 58.4-60.0 mm, 1 M subad.. 4 imm.. 2 juv.. otTMauritania, 19.050N 16.967W. TYRO Mauritania-II. sta. MAU.042. 3.5 m Agassiz trawl in 820-990 m, 10 June 1988.- 1 Fad. 48.5 mm, 4 M ad. 51.1-64.0 mm, 6 F subad., off Mauritania, 18.850N 16.933W. TYRO Mauritania-II. sta. MAU.041, 3.5 m Agassiz trawl in 800-840 m. 10 June 1988. Cape Verde Islands.- 1 spec. ca. 47 mm in 2 parts. N of Ilheu Grande, 16.567N 24.683 W, CAN-CAP- VIl. sta. 7.147. 1.2 m Agassiz trawl in 1,500-1.627 m. 4 Sept. 1986.- 1 F imm. ca. 51 mm. SE of Sao Nicolau, off Preguica, 16.533N 24.233W, CANCAP-VII. sta. 7.137, 1.2 m Agassiz trawl in 715 m, 69 3 Sept. 1986.- 1 spec. 26.8 mm, S of Santiago, Pta Temerosa, 14.883N 23.533W, CANCAP-VII, sta. 7.023, 1 .2 m Agassiz trawl in 525 m, 22 Aug. 1 986. N. Pacific (all samples by Norpax Equat. Himb.).- 1 M ad. 103 mm, 2 M imm., 2 juv., tow from 21.33N 158.33Wto21.35N 158.50W, 1,200 m, sta. 78-05-5, 2 May 1978.- 4 juv. 62-73 mm, tow from 21.33N 158.33Wto21.35N 158.50W, 1,100 m, sta. 78-05-6, 2 May 1978.- 1 Fad. 113 mm, 1 F imm., towfrom21.33N 158.33W to 21.50N 158.50W, 1,100 m, sta. 77-11-5, 1 Nov. 1977. Distribution.- Depth range: 400-6,000 m. Cosmopolitan, mainly (sub)tropical, also in boreal to subarctic waters, but not in the Arctic Ocean. Recorded by Fage [19] and Nouvel [45] from the Azores. Cited by Nouvel [45] for Atlantic waters between Greenland and the Cape of Good Hope. First record for the Canaries by Wittmann et al. [71]. Cited by San Vicente [53] for the Mediterranean. The present results fit well with the previously known distribution. Neognathophausia gigas Willemoes-Suhm, 1873 Gnathophausia gigas Willemoes-Suhm [66]: 400; [67]: 28-31, 37, Pis. IX (16-17), X (2-3); Fage [19]: 24-27, Fig. 26; Nouvel [45]: 12-15, PI. I (5-11); Tattersall & Tattersall [63]: 77-82, Figs. 1-2; Lagardere [37]: 810. Gnathophausia drepanephora Hoh & Tattersall [32]: 113, 142, Fig. I, PI. XVIII; Ortmann [48]: 38; Illig 1930:408. Neognathophausia gigas - Petryashev [49]: 47-48, PI. 1 (1-5); [50]: 959, 968-969, Fig. 2; [51]: Tab. 2; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Haroun & Garrido [30]; Wittmann et al. [71]: 1261, Tab. I; Fukuoka [23]: 405-406. Material studied: N. Pacific- 1 F subad., body length 107 mm, 1 M subad. 99 mm, 4 F imm., 3 juv., Bering Sea, 53.227N 163.838W, Dominator Cruise 021, sta. 75, midwater trawl, 681 m, 1 Aug. 1982.- 1 juv. 52 mm, tow from 21.33N 1 58.33W to 21.35N 158.50W, 1,100 m, Norpax Equat. Himb., sta. 78- 05-6, 2 May 1978. Distribution.- Depth range: 300-4,000 m. Cosmopolitan, but not found in the Arctic Ocean. Recorded by Fage [19] for temperate to tropical waters of the Pacific and the N. Atlantic, in-cluding the Cape Verde Islands; by Nouvel [45] from the Azores, Brittany, and Gibraltar; by Haroun & Garrido [30] for the Canaries. The E. Atlantic distribution ranges from Ireland to Dakar according to Nouvel [45]. Neognathophausia ingens (Dohrn, 1870) Lophogaster ingens Dohrn [14]: 610, PL 31 (12-14). Gnathophausia ingens - Sars [56]: 30, PI. II; Illig [35]: 407-408, Figs. 11-12; Fage [19]; 15- 24, Figs. 20, 24-25; Nouvel [45]: 9-12, PI. I (4); Tattersall [60]: 31-35; Casanova [7]: 328- 330; Escobar-Briones & Soto [17]: Tab. 1. Gnathophausia calcarata Sars [56]: 35, PI. IV; Ortmann [48]: 30, PI. I (2a-f). Gnathophausia bengalensis Wood-Mason & Alcock [75]: 269. Gnathophausia doiyphora Illig [34]: 227, Fig. 1 A-D. Neognathophausia ingens - Petryashev [49]: 47-48; [50]: 959, 968-969, Fig. 3; [51]: Tab. 2; Diirr [15]; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Diirr & Gonzalez [16]; Haroun & Garrido [30]: Wittmann e? fl/. [71]: 1261, Tab. I. 70 Material studied: Madeira.- 1 ju\., body length 36.8 mm, SE of Madeira, 32.583N 16.733\V. CANC.'VP-I, sta. 1.035, ring-trawl, wire 1,250 m, bottom about 2,000 m, 10 Mar. 1976. Canary Islands.- Samples listed in Wittmann et al. [71]. Cape Verde Islands.- 1 spec. 90.3 mm. S\V of Sal, 16.700N 23.683W, CANCAP-VII, sta. 7.1 14. 0-330 m, midwater trawl, 31 Aug. 1986.- 1 spec. 49.4 mm, S of Branco, 16.517N 24.8 17\V. CANCAP-VII. sta. 7.148. 0-1.100 m. midwater trawl. 4-5 Sept. 1986. Tropical Pacific (all samples by Norpa.x Equat. Himb.).- 2 M ad. 11 2- 122 mm. 2 F imm.. 4 juv., tow from 21.33N 1 58.33W to 21.50N 158.50W, 1.200 m, sta. 78-05-5, 2 May 1978.- 1 F subad.. tow from21.33N 158.33Wto2l.50N 158.50W, 310 m, sta. 77-1 1-2, 31 Oct. 1977.- 1 F imm. 84 mm, Ijuv., towfrom2l.33N 158.33Wto 21.50N 158.50W, 1,100 m, sta. 77-11-5, I Nov. 1977.- 3 juv. 36-40 mm, tow from 15.083N 1 50.1 83W to 15.217N 1 50.1 83 W. 295 m. sta. 77-12-30. 15 Dec. 1977.- I F subad. 88 mm. tow from 14.983N 153.000W to 15.083N 153.000W, 400 m, sta. 79-02-8. 19 Feb. 1978.- 3 juv. 38-54 mm. tow from 14.733N 157.983Wto 14.617N 1 57.983W, 330 m, sta. 79-5-3. 12 May 1979.- 1 F subad. 181 mm. tow from 9.850N 150.000W to 9.833N 150.017W, 1,500 m. sta. 79-2-1. 8 Feb. 1979.- 2juv. 58-72 mm. 0.867N 153.033W to 0.967N 153.033W. 360 m, sta. 79-5-12, 23 May 1979.- 2 juv. 58- 63 mm, tow from 1.367S 150.167\Vto 1.483S 1 50. 167\V. 290 m, sta. 77-12-10, 9 Dec. 1977.- 1 juv. 70 mm,towfrom3.067S 157.950Wto3.067S 1 57.833 W, 320 m. sta. 78-5-11. 20 May 1978.- 1 juv. 70 mm. tow from 6.967S 158.1 I7W to 6.833S 1 58.1 33W, 335 m, sta. 77-12-6. 6 Dec. 1977. Distribution.- Depth range: 200-4,000 m. Circumtropical, ranging from temperate to tropi-cal latitudes. Recorded by Page [19] from the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans, including waters off Azores. Madeira, Canary; and Cape Verde archipelagos, and off the continental coasts of Morocco and West Sahara. Recorded by Nou\ el [45] from the Azores, Canaries, and Gibraltar. Details for the Canaries in Wittmann et al. [71]. The present results fit well with the already know n distribution. Fam. Lophogastridae G.O. Sars. 1870 Chalaraspidiim alatiim (\\ illemoes-Suhm, 1876) Chalaraspis alata Willemoes-Suhm [68]: 592: Page [18]: 68-75. Figs. I-\TI: [19]: 4. Figs. 1-10. Chalaraspidiim alarum - Willemoes-Suhm [69]: 521; Tattersall [62]: 14-15: Tattersall [60]: 28- 30, Fig. 1; Springer & Bullis [59]; Haroun & Garrido [30]; Price et al. [52]. Eclytaspis alata - Faxon [22]: 219. Distribution.- Depth range: 1.000-3.000 m. Cosmopolitan, but so far not recorded from the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans. It was listed by Haroun & Garrido [30] for the fauna of the Ca-naries, by Springer & Bullis [59] and Price et al. [52] for the Gulf of Mexico. A damaged specimen of this genus was recorded without detemiination at species le\el by Zimmer [76] from the Azores. Lophogaster spinosits Ortmann, 1907 Lophogaster spinosus Ortmann [48]: 26-27. PI. I (la. b); Page [20]: 23-29. Pigs. 13-15, 16f 17g; Casanova [7]: 352. Pig. 82: Diirr [15]: Diirr & Gonzalez [16]: Wittmann et al. [71]: 1261-1262. Tab. I. 71 Material studied: Canary Islands.- Samples listed in Wittmann et al. [71]. NW-Atlantic- 1 F subad., body length 26 mm, 2 juv., tow from 24.772N 70.4 lOW to 24.745N 70.440W, Sargasso Eel & Maine, Cruise 83, sta. 1014, 280 m, 17 Feb. 1983.- 1 F subad. 24 mm, 2 juv., tow from 24.747N 70.385W to 24.7 18N 70.405W, Sargasso Eel & Maine, Cruise 83, sta. 1055; ALQ 1/16, 304 m, 24 Feb. 1983. Distribution.- Depth range: 200-5,000 m. According to Fage [20] restricted to tropical and subtropical waters of the W.- and E. Atlantic. The present results fit well with this distribu-tional scheme. Lophogaster typicus M. Sars, 1857 Lophogaster typicus Sars [57]: 160; [58]: 1-37, Tabs. I-III; Norman [42]: 459; [43]: 10; Colosi [10]: 6-7, Figs. 7, 7a; [11]: 2; lUig [35]: 405; Fage [20]: 7-13, figs. 2-4, 16b, 17b; Nouvel [45]: 7-8, PL I (1-3); Tattersall & Tattersall [62]: 90-97, Figs. 6-8; Tattersall [61]: 145; Hoenigman [31]: 605-606, Fig. 2; Lagardere & Nouvel [38]: 382-383; Katagan [36]: 288; Wittmann & Stagl [72]: 160; Diirr [15]; Diirr & Gonzalez [16]; Nikoforos [40]; Wittmann et al [71]: 1262, Tab. II; San Vicente [53]. Ctenomysis alata Norman [41]: 151. Lophogaster serratus Bjorck [4]: 6-8, Figs. 1-5. Material studied: Boreal to temperate N.E. Atlantic.- 3 F ad., body length 18.0-20.5 mm, 3 M ad. 17.7- 20.0 mm, Norway, HjelteQord, 61.583N 4.9 17E, 260 m, 4 July 1978, leg. Torleiv Brattegard.- 1 F ad. 24.4 mm, 1 Fad. with pleon missing, Norway, W of Stavanger 59.11 2N 3.083E, 153-156 m, 7 Aug. 1984, Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main.- 1 F ad. 18.7 mm, 4 M ad. 18.2-23.5 mm, 1 F subad., off Por-tugal, 41.9217N 9.3167W, FS 'Toseidon", sta. Po-113-7 ZD2 999, 6 F ad. 25.5-32.1 mm, 4 M ad. 25.5-27.1 mm, 3 juv., off N-Portugal, 41.917N 9.333 W, FS "Poseidon", sta. Pos 113-7 ZDl 998, 175-184 m, 18 Nov. 1984.- For sample off Ireland see Wittmann & Stagl [72]. Azores.- 1 F ad. 21.8 mm, S of Sao Miguel, 37.650N 25.517W, CANCAP-V, sta. 5.012, van Veen grab in 480 m, 26 May 1981. Mediterranean.- 1 F ad. 17.5 mm, Adriatic Sea, off Zirje, 43.5847N 15.6333E, Ockelmann epibenthic sledge in 199 m, mud, 12 Sept. 1971, leg. Peter Cate.- 1 F ad. 15.8 mm, Adriatic Sea, E of Ancona, 42.4633N 17.1667E, Ockelmann epibenthic sledge in 400 m, 4 July 1973, leg. Peter Cate.- 1 Fad. 20.7 mm, Sardinia, Gulf of Cagliari, 539-560 m, 20 July 1984, 07:48-09:25 hrs.- 1 Fad.21.5mm, 1 Mimm., Sardinia, Gulf of Cagliari, 329-402 m, 20 July 1984, 16:00-1 7:30 hrs.- For sample off Messina see Wittmann & Stagl [72]. Canary Islands.- 1 M 23.8 mm, S of Fuerteventura, Punta Jandia, 28.050N 14.483W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.03, van Veen grab in 140-200 m, 23 Aug. 1977, 22.20-00.55 hrs. Mauritania.- 3 M ad. 19.0-23.4 mm, off Mauritania, 18.833N 16.467W, TYRO Mauritania-II, sta. MAU.022, 1.2 m Agassiz trawl in 60-66 m, 8 June 1988. Distribution.- Mainly bentho-pelagic in 30-500 m. Fage [20] provided a number of records from the Mediterranean and concluded that this species may be restricted to the N.E. Atlantic and Mediterranean. According to Nouvel [45], it occurs in the E. Atlantic from Norway to Mauritania, throughout the Mediterranean Sea, and as far east as the Bosporus. In line with this, Tattersall & Tattersall [63] and Tattersall [61] argued that previous records from the Pacific may be attributed to other species and concluded that L. typicus may be restricted to the (N&S) E. Atlantic and Mediterranean. The present results fit well with this distributional scheme. 72 DISCUSSION Taxonomic notes The following discussions may help to reduce certain confusions and misunderstand-ings in the literature about lophogastrids: Status of £. hanseni Nouvel, 1942, versus Eucopia ungiiiciilata Willemoes-Suhm, 1875.- Willemoes-Suhm [67] described E. ungiiiciilata based on material of the "Challenger" expedition. Hansen [26] re-examined this material and concluded that it actually belongs to three different species, E. ungiiiciilata, E. australis, and E. sculpticaiida. Nouvel [44] noted much confusion about the identity of E. ungiiiciilata and proposed to suppress this taxon in favour of two new taxa, established by him in the same publication as E. hanseni and E. ghmaldii. According to the nomenclatorial code of that time, still valid today (ICZN [33]), he ought not to have suppressed but to have revised the taxon ungiiiciilata and to have described only one new species (probably E. grimaldii based on longer spines on the telson). Therefore we agree with Tattersall [60], who considered E. hanseni di]vin\ov synonym of £". ungiiiculata. Status of the genus Neognathophausia Petryashev, 1992, versus Gnathophausia Wille-moes- Suhm, 1873.- Page [19] established three morphologically distinct groups within the genus Gnathophausia: group I with G. ingens and G. gigas, group II w ith G. gracilis only, and group III with all remaining species of the genus. Later, Tattersall [60] essentially confirmed this grouping, but she argued that it would not be practical for taxonomic purposes. Based on the structure of antennal scale, maxillipeds, and abdominal pleura, Petryashev [49] defined a new genus, named Neognathophausia. to include all members of group I. Casanova et al. [8], however, rejected the definition of the new genus. Their conclusion was based on rRNA gene sequences and moiphological data, in their opinion pointing to a basal position of G. gracilis with respect to the t\\ o remaining groups. Howe\ er, they examined only one species per group, which appears quantitati\ely insufficient to estimate genetic distance between multi-species groups. Unless further evidence is presented, Neognathophausia may be maintained, as al-ready practiced (without detailed reasoning) by Wittmann et al. [71], Petryashev [50, 51], Fukuoka [23], and Anderson [2]. Doubtful Mediterranean records of Lophogaster afflnis Colosi, 1930.- This species is well known from the Red Sea and Indian Ocean (Colosi [12], Coifmann [9], Nouvel [46], Almeida Prado-Por [1]). Previous reports for the Mediterranean were found only in second-ary literature (Miiller [39], Nikoforos [40], San Vicente [53]). These later reports may be based merely on erroneous interpretation of a puzzling fonnulation by Page [20] on p. 20: "Mais il existe, de I 'autre cote de la Mediterranee, dans la moitie septentrionale de la Mer Rouge, line forme decrite par Colosi (1929) sous le nome de L. affinis ... " to our translation "But on the other side of the Mediterranean, in the northern half of the Red Sea, there is a form described by Colosi (1929) under the name L. affinis ...". From this and additional data, we conclude that this species has so far never been found in the Mediterranean. Diversity and distribution of the Canarian lophogastrids Most species show a widespread geographical distribution, typical of oceanic, meso-to bathypelagic organisms. Tab. 1 compiles the so far known distribution of the di\'erse species in mostly subtropical waters of the N.E. Atlantic, for comparison also including the Gulf of Mexico. Ten out of the twelve species from the Canary Islands have a world-wide distribu-tion. The remaining tvvo species are endemic for the Atlantic Ocean, i.e. Lophogaster spinosiis 73 on both sides of the Atlantic, and L. typicus only in the E. Atlantic. A similar pattern is found in the Gulf of Mexico: nine out of the eleven species are cosmopolitan, only L. americamis and L. longirostris are endemic for the western Atlantic (species list compiled from Springer & Bullis [59], Escobar-Briones & Soto [17], and Price et al. [52]). The Canaries apparently represent the most species-rich area in the Atlantic due to high sampling intensity in combination with favourable natural conditions: comparably high plank-ton and micronekton densities representing good feeding grounds influenced by the Saharan upwelling along the African Atlantic coast, < 90 km from the Canary archipelago (Barton et al. [3]), and strong depth gradients allowing deep-water organisms to approach closely to the islands. Compared with the four N.E. Atlantic archipelagos considered in table 1 , fewer species are reported along the continental coasts of Morocco and Mauritania compared to the Canary Islands. The same pattern is found in the oligotrophic Mediterranean basin, characterized by a 'shallow' entrance through the Strait of Gibraltar and by warmer, more saline bottom water. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are indebted to the Viceconsejeria de Medioambiente del Gobiemo de Canarias for coordinating the BIOTA MARINO project and for supporting the bibliographic compila-tion of this crustacean group. REFERENCES [1] ALMEIDA PRADO-POR, M.S. 1980. Mysidacea from the Gulf of Elat (Gulf of 'Aqaba). Israel Journal ofZoology^, 29: 1 88- 1 9 1 [2] ANDERSON, G. 2010. Lophogastrida Classification, January 20, 2010. http://per-acarida. usm.edu/LophogastridaTaxa.pdf. 1-2. (Instant Web Publishing, USA) [21.1.2010]. [3] BARTON, E.D., J. ARISTEGUI, R TETT, M. CANTON, J. GARCIA-BRAUN, S. HERNANDEZ-LEON, L. NYKJAER, C. ALMEIDA, J, ALMUNIA, S. BALLES-TEROS, G. BASTERRETXEA, J. ESCANEZ, L. GARCIA-WEILL, A. HERNANDEZ-GUERRA, F. LOPEZ-LAATZEN, R. MOLINA, M.F. MONTERO, E. NAVARRO-PEREZ, J.M. RODRIGUEZ, K. VAN LENNING, H. VELEZ & K. WILD. 1998. The transition zone of the Canary Current upwelling region. Progress in Oceanog-raphy, 41:455-504. [4] BJORCK, W. 1916. Svenska krafdjur i Goteborgs Museum 1 . Schizopoda. Meddelanden frdn Goteborgs Musei zoolgiska Afdelning, 7: 1-17. [5] CALMAN, W.T. 1 896. On the deep-sea Crustacea from the southwest of Ireland. Trans-actions ofthe Royal Irish Academy, 3 1 : 1-20, pis. I-II. [6] CARTES, J.E. & J.C. SORBE. 1995. Deep-water mysids of the Catalan Sea: species composition, bathymetric and near-bottom distribution. Journal of the Marine Biologi-cal Association ofthe United Kingdom, 75(1): 187-197. [7] CASANOVA J. -P. 1977. Lafaune pelagique profonde (zooplancton et micronecton) de la province atlanto-mediterraneenne. Aspects taxonomique, biologique et zoogeo-graphique. These, Universite de Provence (Aix - Marseille I): i-ix, 1-500. 74 [8] CASANOVA, J. P., L. DE JONG & E. FAURE. 1998. Interrelationships ot the two fam-ilies constituting the Lophogastrida (Crustacea: Mysidacea) inferred from morphologi-cal and molecular data. Marine Biolog\\ 132( 1 ): 59-65. [9] COIFMANN, I. 1 937. 1 misidacei del Mar Rosso. Studio del materiale raccolto dal Prof. L. Sanzo durante la campagna idrografica della R. Na\e Ammiraglio Magnaghi ( 1923- 1924). Memohe del R. Comitate Talassografico Italiano, 233: 1-52, Pis. I-XXV. [10] COLOSI, G. 1922. Eufausiacei e Misidacei raccolti nella campagna del 1920. Memorie del R. Comitato Talassografico Italiano, 96: 1-12, Tab. 1. [11] COLOSI, G. 1929. I Misidacei del Golfo di Napoli. Puhhlicazioni della Stazione Zoo-logica di Napoli, 9(3): 405-439. [12] COLOSI, G. 1930. Lofogastridi nuovi. Bolletino di Zoologia, 1(4): 1 19-125. [13] DANA, J.D. 1852. Crustacea. Part I. In: United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1 838-1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. , 13: i-viii. 1-685. (C. Shemian, Philadelphia). [14] DOHRN, A. 1870. Untersuchungen iiber Bau und Entwicklung der Arthropoden. 10. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Malacostraken und ihrer Larven. Zeitschrift fiir %vis-senschaftliche Zoologie, 20: 607-625, 3 pis. [15] DURR, J. 1997. Nahrungsokologie von Beryx splendens und Benx decadactyius fOste-ichthyes, Betycidae) im Bereich der Kanarischen Inseln. In: Diplomarbeit an der Mathe-matisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultat: 1-85. (Christian-Albrechts-Universitat, Kiel). [16] DURR. J. & J. A. GONZALEZ. 2002. Feeding habits of Beiyx splendens and ^m.v decadactylus (Berycidae) off the Canary Islands. Fisheries Research, 54: 363-374. [17] ESCOBAR-PRIONES. E. & L.A. SOTO. 1991. Biogeografia de los Misidaceos (Crus-tacea: Peracarida) del Golfo de Mexico. Caribbean Journal ofScience, 27(1-2): 80-89. [18] FAGE, L. 1939. Apropos d'un mysidace bathypelagique peu connu: Chalaraspis alata G.O. Sars (Willemoes-Suhm in lit.). Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale, 80: 68-76. [19] FAGE, L. 1941. Mysidacea Lophogastrida - I. The Carlsberg Foundation's oceano-graphical expedition round the world 1928-1930 and previous Dana-expeditions under the leadership of Prof. Johannes Schmidt. Dana Reports, 4(19): 1-52. [20] FAGE, L. 1942. Mysidacea Lophogastrida - II. The Carlsberg Foundation's oceano-graphical expedition round the world 1928-1930 and previous Dana-expeditions under the leadership of Prof. Johannes Schmidt. Dana Reports, 4(23): 1-67. [21] FAXON, W. 1893. VI. Preliminary descriptions of new species of Crustacea. In: Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and the Gulf of California; in charge of Alexander Agassiz, car-ried on by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during 1 89 1 . Bulletin ofthe Mu-seum of Comparative Zoology- at Hanard College, 24 (7): 149-220. [22] FAXON, W. 1895. XV. The stalk-eyed Crustacea. In: Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during 1891. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 18: 1-292, 67 pis. [23] FUKUOKA. K. 2009. Deep-sea mysidaceans (Crustacea: Lophogastrida and Mysida) from the northwestern North Pacific off Japan, with descriptions of six new species. In: 75 Fujita, T. (ed.), Deep-sea fauna and pollutants off Pacific coast of northern Japan. A^a-tional Museum ofNature and Science Monographs, 39: 405-446. [24] FURNESTIN, M.-L. 1960. Zooplancton du Golfe du Lion et de la cote orientale de Corse. Revue des Travaux de I'lnstitut des Peches Maritimes, 24 (2): 153-252. [25] HANSEN, H.J. 1905. Preliminary report on the Schizopoda collected by H.S.H. Prince Albert of Monaco during the cruise of the Princesse-Alice in the year 1901. Bulletin du Musee Oceanographique de Monaco, 30: 1-32. [26] HANSEN, H.J. 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga Expeditie, Monographic, 37: 1-123, pis. 1-16. (Leyden). [27] HANSEN, H.J. 1913. Report on the Crustacea Schizopoda collected by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903, under the charge of Baron Dr. Otto Nordenskjold: 1-56. (G.E.C. Gad, Copenhagen). [28] HANSEN, H.J. 1927. Sergestides et Schizopodes. In: Expedition scientifique du "Tra-vailleur" et du "Talisman" 1880-3: 1-26, pi. I. (G. Mason, Paris). [29] HARGREAVES, RM. 1999. The vertical distribution of micronektonic decapod and mysid crustaceans across the Goban Spur of the Porcupine Seabight. Sarsia, 84: 1-18. [30] HAROUN, R. & M.J. GARRIDO. 2003. Orden Mysidacea. R 68, 69 in: L. Moro, J.L. Martin, M.J. Garrido & I. Izquierdo (eds.), Lista de especies marinas de Canarias (algas, hongos, plantas y animales) 2003: 248 pp. (Consejeria de Politica Territorial y Medio Ambient, Tenerife). [31] HOENIGMAN, J. 1963. Mysidacea de Texpedition Hvar (1948-49) dans I'Adriatique. Rapportes de la Commission internationale pour I'Exploration scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, 17: 603-616. [32] HOLT, E.W.L. & W.M. TATTERSALL. 1905. Schizopodous Crustacea from the north-east Atlantic slope. Scientific Investigations. Fisheries Branch, Department ofAgricul-ture for Ireland, Dublin - Annual Report, 1902-1903, pt. II, app. IV: 99-152, pis. xv-xxv. [33] ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature), 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4^'' edition: 1-306. (International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London). Also available at http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp [34] ILLIG, G. 1906. 4. Ein weiterer Bericht iiber die Schizopoden der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition 1898-1899. II. Gnathophausien (Fortsetzung). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 30(10): 319-322. [35] ILLIG, G. 1930. Die Schizopoden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. In: C. Chun (ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer „Val-divia" 1898-1899, 22(6): 397-620. [36] KATAGAN, T. 1985. Mysidaces et cumaces des cotes egeennes de Turquie. Rapportes et proces-verbaux des Reunions de la Commission internationale pour I Exploration sci-entifique de la Mer Mediterranee, 29(5): 287-288. [37] LAGARDERE, J.P. 1983. Les mysidaces de la plaine abyssale du Golfe de Gascogne 1. Families des Lophogastridae, Eucopiidae et Petalophthalmidae. Bulletin du Museum na-tional d'Histoire naturelle, 4^""' serie, section A (Zoologie, Biologic, Ecologie animale), 5(3): 809-843. [38] LAGARDERE, J.R & H. NOUVEL. 1980. Les Mysidaces du talus continental du golfe de Gascogne. II. Families des Lophogastridae, Eucopiidae et Mysidae (tribu des Ery- 76 thropini exceptee). Bulletin dii Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. 4''""'' serie, section A (Zoologie, Biologie, Ecologie animate), 2(2): 375-412. [39] MULLER, H.-G. 1993. World catalogue and bibliography of the recent Mysidacea. 1- 491. (Wissenschaftlicher Verlag H.-G. Muller, Wetzlar). [40] NIKOFOROS, G. 2002. Fauna del Mcditcrraneo. 1-366. (Giunti, Firenze). [41] NORMAN, A.M. 1862. On the Crustacea, Echinodermata, and zoophytes obtained in deep-sea dredging off the Shetland Isles in 1861. Reports of the British Association for the Advancement ofScience, 3 1 ( 1 86 1 ): 151-152. [42] NORMAN, A.M. 1892. British Schizopoda of the families Lophogastridae and Eu-phausiidae. Annals and Magazine ofnatural History?, Sen VI, vol. 9: 454-464. [43] NORMAN, A.M. 1905. Museum Normanianum, or a catalogue of the Invertebrata of the Arctic and north Atlantic temperate ocean and Palaearctic region. III. Crustacea. 2"*^ ed.: i-vi, 1-47. (Thos. Caldcleugh & Son. Printers. Durham). [44] NOUVEL, H. 1942. Sur la systematique des especes du genre Eucopia Dana 1852 (Crust. Mysidacea). Bulletin de I'lnstitut Oceanographique, 818: 1-8. (Monaco). [45] NOUVEL, H. 1943. Mysidaces provenant des campagnes du Prince-Albert ler de Monaco. In : J. Richard (ed.), Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert ler Fasc. 105. 1-128, pis. I-V. (Imprimerie de Monaco). [46] NOUVEL, H. 1978. Mysidaces recoltes par S. Frontier a Nosy Be. VII. Lophogaster affinis Colosi et Mesopodopsis africana madagascariensis n. ssp. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse, 113(3-4): 396-403. [47] ORTMANN, A.E. 1906. Schizopods of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Al-batross in 1902. Bulletin ofthe United States Fish Commission, 23. pt. 3(1903): 961-973. [48] ORTMANN, A.E. 1907. Schizopod crustaceans in the U.S. National Museum. The fam-ilies Lophogastridae and Eucopiidae. Proceedings of the United States National Mu-seum, 31: 23-54, pis. 1, 11. [49] PETRYASHEV, VV 1992. Notes on mysid systematics (Crustacea, Mysidacea) of Arc-tic and the North-Westem Pacific. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal, 71(10): 47-58. [50] PETRYASHEV. VV. 2005. Mysids (Crustacea, Mysidacea) collected by Soviet and Russ-ian Antarctic expeditions. Lophogastrida, Petalophthalmida, and Mysida: Boreomysi-dae. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal, 84(8): 957-973. [51] PETRYASHEV, VV 2007. Biogeographical division of Antarctic and Subantarctic by Mysid (Crustacea: Mysidacea) fauna. Russian Journal ofmarine Biology, 33(1): 1-16. [52] PRICE, W.W., R.W. HEARD, R AAS & K. MELAND. 2009. Lophogastrida (Crustacea) ofthe GulfofMexico, 923-927 in D.L. Felder & D.K. Camp (eds.). Gulf of Mexico-Ori-gins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. (Texas A&M Press. College Station. Texas). [53] SAN VICENTE, C. 2010. Mysidaceans. In: M. Coll. C. Piroddi. .1. Steenbeek, K. Kaschner. F. Ben Rais Lasram. J. Aguzzi. E. Ballesteros. C.N. Bianchi et al. (eds.). Bio-diversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns & threats. PloS ONE, 5(8): el 1842: 254-275. [54] SARS. G.O. 1870. Carcinologiske Bidrag til Norges Fauna. I. Monographi over de ved Norges Kyster forekommende Mysider. Pt. 1. 1-64, 5 pis. (K. Norske Viidenskab. Trond-hjem, Christiania). [55] SARS. G.O. 1884. Preliminary notice on the Schizopoda of H. M.S. Challenger expedi-tion. Forhandlinger i Videnskahs-Selskahet, 7(1883): 1-43. (Christiania). 77 [56] SARS, G.O. 1 885. Report on the Schizopoda collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. In: G.S. Nartes (ed.), Report on the scientific results ofthe Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76, 13(37): 1-228, 38 pis. (Longmans & Co., London). [57] SARS, M. 1 857. Om 3 nye norske Krebsdyr. Forhandlinger ved det Skandinavske Naturf Mode i Christiania, 7: 160-175. [58] SARS, M. 1862. Beskrivelse over Lophogaster typicus, en maerkvaerdig form af de la-vere tifoddede krebsdyr. In: Universitetsprogram for andet Halvaar 1862, i-iv, 1-37, Tabs. I-III. (Det Kongl. Norske Universitet, Christiania). [59] SPRINGER, S. & H.R. BULLIS, Jr. 1956. Collections by the Oregon in the Gulf of Mex-ico. List of crustaceans, molluscs and fishes identified from the collections made by the exploratory fishing vessel Oregon in the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent seas 1950 through 1955. Special Scientific Report: Fisheries, 196: 1-134. (United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D. C). [60] TATTERSALL, O.S. \955.MysidacQSL. Discoveiy Reports, 2S: 1-190. [61] TATTERSALL, O.S. 1961. Mysidacea from the coasts of tropical West Africa. Atlantide Report, 6: 143-159. [62] TATTERSALL, W.M. 1951. A review of the Mysidacea of the United States National Museum. Bulletin ofthe United States National Museum, 201: 1-292. [63] TATTERSALL, W.M. & O.S. TATTERSALL. 1951. The British Mysidacea. Ray Soci-ety, Monograph, no. 136: 1-460. (The Ray Society, London). [64] UDRESCU, A. 1984. Transspecific-evolution (family level) within Lophogastrida. A new family - Gnathophausiidae (Lophogastrida, Mysidacea). Travaux du Museum na-tional d'Histoire naturelle «Grigore Antipa», 25: 59-11 [65] VERESHCHAKA, A.L. 1990. Mysids from seamounts of Nasca and Sala-y-Gomez Ridges. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademija Nauk SSSR, 124: 118-128. [66] WILLEMOES-SUHM, R. von. 1873. Notes from the Challenger, VII. Nature, 8: 400-403. [67] WILLEMOES-SUHM R. von. 1875. II. On some Atlantic Crustacea from the Challenger expedition. Transactions oftheLinnean Society ofLondon, Zoology^, Ser. II, vol. 1(1): 23- 59, Pis. VI-XIII. [68] WILLEMOES-SUHM R. von. 1876. Preliminary report to Prof Wyville Thomson, on Crustacea observed during the cruise of H.M.S. Challenger in the southern seas. Pro-ceedings ofthe Royal Society ofLondon, 24: 585-592. [69] WILLEMOES-SUHM, R. von. 1895. In: J. Murray (ed.), A summary of the scientific re-sults obtained at the sounding, dredging, and trawling stations of H.M.S. Challenger. Re-port on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1872-76, 1: i-vii, 1-796. (Eyre and Spottiswoode, London). [70] WITTMANN, K.J. 1990. Mysidacea. In: J. Sieg & J.W. Wagele (eds.). Fauna der An-tarktis. Paul Parey, Berlin: 130-133. [71] WITTMANN, K.J., F. HERNANEZ, J. DURR, E. TEJERA, J.A. GONZALEZ & S. JIMENEZ. 2004. The epi- to bathypelagic Mysidacea (Peracarida) off the Selvagens, Canary, and Cape Verde Islands (NE Atlantic), with first description of the male of Lon-githoraxaliceiU. Nouvel, 1942. Crustaceana, 76(10): 1257-1280. [72] WITTMANN, K.J. & V. STAGE. 1996. Die Mysidaceen-Sammlung am Naturhis-torischen Museum in Wien: eine kritische Sichtung im Spiegel der Sammlungs-geschichte. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 98B: 157-191. 78 [73] WITTMANN, K.J. & P. WIRTZ. 1998. A first inventory of the mysid fauna (Crustacea: Mysidacea) in coastal waters of the Madeira and Canar\' archipelagos. Boletim do Miiseii Municipal do Funchal, (Sup.) 5: 5 11 -533. [74] WOOD-MASON, J. & A. ALCOCK. 1891a. Natural history- notes from H.M. Indian Marine Steamer In\estigator. Commander R.F. Hoskyn. R.N.. commanding. - No. 12. Note on the results of the last season's deep-sea dredging. Annals and Magazine of nat-ural Histoiy, sen 6, vol. 7: 186-202. [75] WOOD-MASON, J. & A. ALCOCK. 1891b. Natural history notes from H.M. Indian Marine Steamer Investigator. Commander R.F. Hoskyn, R.N., commanding. On the re-sults of deep-sea dredging during the season 1890-91. Annals and Magazine ofnatural History, ser. 6, vol. 8: 268-286. [76] ZIMMER, C. 1914. Die Schizopoden der deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. In: E. von Drygalski (ed.), Deutsche Siidpolar-Expedition 1901-1903, XJ'. Zoologie. 7: 377-445. Pis. XXIII-XXVI. 79 ODixaj^ jojino + + + + + ' + + ' + + + + ' 1 ' - eiue^unB]^ 1 ' + + • + ' + , 1 + un 03D0J0J\[ ' + + + + + ' ' ' + ' • • ^ UB3UBjaa;ip9i\[ + o- + + ' ' + ' ' ' 1 • ' + + SpUBIS] apjaA 9dB3 + + 1 + ' 1 + + + + 1 1 1 1 1 r- SpUBISI XJBUB3 + + + + + + + + + + 1 + ' + CnI BJiapBjxi - + + + + • 1 + + + • 1 • 1 1 r- S9J0ZV 4- + • + + + 1 + + + o- 1 ' 1 + o On ,^)UOi;nqujS!a u U u u U ^ u u u U U 1 s < < < 'o !^ to C3 bO O o £ a. 00 c« C Q 1 > o & 1 o c c •1 1 ON oo c oX 1 oo S s 1 r-oo 6 d •2 1 oo £ =5 :n o£ 1 •2 I 1 oo B c/p £ 1 -g r-- oo £ on on £ — Co .a •2 i- I oo B o Q 1 1 1 1 oo £ r 1 1 5 On 1 I oo coX CC 1 1 1 o ON c £ O 1 1 CN On c iI 1 tto 1 1 oo in Co 1 1 1 S "a, oo g. o cO a o a- 2 ^ ^^ U-l ^ (1) ^ > n t) X) 03 c C 03 > < 00 < • — O >. h r C g < o c -^ ^ o g -o 03 c t: ro Sii ex o c o ~ <1^ ~ 80
Click tabs to swap between content that is broken into logical sections.
Calificación | |
ISSN | 11304723 |
Título y subtítulo | Checklist and Account of the lophogastrida (Crustacea: Peracarida) of the Canary Islands, with notes of taxonomy and biogeography of the species |
Autor principal | Wittmann, K. J.; Riera, R. |
Entidad | Academia canaria de Ciencias |
Publicación fuente | Revista de la Academia canaria de Ciencias = Folia Canariensis Academiae Scientiarum |
Numeración | Volumen 24 (Número 1) |
Sección | Biología |
Tipo de documento | Artículo |
Lugar de publicación | San Cristóbal de La Laguna |
Editorial | Academia canaria de Ciencias |
Fecha | 2012 |
Páginas | pp. 063-080 |
Materias | Ciencias ; Canarias ; Biología ; Matemáticas ; Física ; Química |
Digitalizador | ULPGC. Biblioteca Universitaria |
Copyright | http://biblioteca.ulpgc.es/avisomdc |
Formato máster |
300 ppp., TIFF sin compresión EPSON GT 2500 |
Formato digital | |
Tamaño de archivo | 1547878 Bytes |
Texto | Rev. Acad. Canar. Cienc. Vol. XXIV, 63-80 (diciembre dc 2012) CHECKLIST AND ACCOUNT OF THE LOPHOGASTRIDA (CRUSTACEA, PERACARIDA) OF THE CANARY ISLANDS, W ITH NOTES ON TAXONOMY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE SPECIES Wittmann, K.J.' & R. Riera * Abteilung tiir Okotoxikologie, Zentrum fiir Public Health, Medizinische Uni\ersitat W ien Kinderspitalgasse 15, A- 1090 Vienna, Austria - Centre de Investigaciones Medioambientales del Atlantico (CIMA SL) Arzobispo Elias Yanes. 44. 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife. islas Canarias *corresponding author: rodrigo(a cimacanarias.com RESUMEN Las aguas que rodean el archipielago canario constituyen las de mayor riqueza de espe-cies de lofogastridos en el Oceano Atlantico, con doce especies meso y batipelagicas de este grupo. Esta di\ersidad es debida a la ele\ada intensidad de nuestros conjuntamente con las fa-vorables condiciones marinas. Todas las especies citadas son propias de esta zona, aunque el grado de endemicidad es muy bajo. Diez especies son consideradas cosmopolitas y dos presen-tan una distribucion restringida al area Atlantica, encontrandose limitada una de ellas al Atlantico Este. Ademas. se analizan a ni\'el biogeografico las areas de distribucion de las especies canarias de lofogastridos con zonas adyacentes (Macaronesia, Mediterraneo y Costa Atlantica Africana). Palabras clave: Crustacea. Lophogastrida, plancton. mesopelagico, batipelagico, islas Canarias. Oceano Atlantico ABSTRACT The species numbers of lophogastrids in open waters off E. Atlantic islands (Azores, Madeira. Canaries, and Cape Verdes) exceed those in waters off N.W. African continental coasts and in the Mediterranean Sea. With twelve currently known, mainly meso- to bathy-pelagic species, the waters off the Canary Islands appear to be the most species-rich in the At-lantic Ocean. This comparatively large number may reflect high sampling intensity in combination with favourable environmental conditions. All the here documented species ap-pear to be indigenous, but the degree of endemism is very low: ten Canarian species are cos-mopolitans, two are endemic to the Atlantic, only one of the latter two is restricted to the E. Atlantic. Biogeographical data are provided for the lophogastrids from the Canary Islands and surrounding areas (Macaronesian region, Mediterranean and Atlantic African coasts). Key words: Crustacea, Lophogastrida, plankton, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, Canary Islands, Atlantic Ocean 63 INTRODUCTION The present contribution critically evaluates the literature data along with original records of lophogastrid species in the framework of large-scale surveys on the marine biodi-versity of the Canary archipelago. Consideration is also given to the species diversity in open waters off the Canaries versus that off other E. Atlantic archipelagos, off W. African coasts, and in the Mediterranean Sea. The literature data for the Gulf of Mexico is provided for com-parison. Finally, the importance of potential endemics as opposed to pan-thalassic cos-mopolitans for local faunas is evaluated. The lophogastrids are shrimp-like marine crustaceans with stalked eyes. They are char-acterized by an elongate carapace fused with anterior thoracic segments but not with some of the terminal ones. Eight pairs of biramous thoracic legs are present, all or only some equipped with gills. Thoracic exopods are feebly to moderately developed, supporting the respiratory current and swimming; the endopods are variously specialized, such as for filter feeding and grasping prey. Females carry eggs and larvae in a brood pouch below the thorax. A marsupium is formed by seven pairs of oostegites. The five pairs of pleopods act as strong swimming legs; all are biramous and well developed in both sexes, without sexual dimorphism. No sta-tocyst is present in the tail fan. Members of this order occur in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean. They are generally meso- to bathypelagic (mostly > 1 ,000 m depth), but a few—mostly bentho-pelagic—species are common in shallower waters (< 200 m depth, e.g. many populations of Lophogaster typ-icus M. Sars, 1857). Interestingly, this group shows more species in the Pacific and Indian Oceans than in the Atlantic Ocean. Currently, a total of 50 living species plus one non-nomino-typical subspecies, belonging to eight genera and three families (Lophogastridae, Gnathophausiidae, and Eucopiidae), are recognized for the Lophogastrida (Anderson [2]). MATERIALS AND METHODS Body length was measured from tip ofrostrum to terminal margin oftelson without spines. Most material studied was from pelagic and also epibenthic samples taken by the expeditions listed below. For additional sampling campaigns see Wittmann et al. [71]. From this extensive ma-terial, only those species are treated here in detail that were (also) confirmed for the Canaries. Expeditions CANCAP-I (Madeira, 1976), CANCAP-II (Canaries, Morocco, 1977), CAN-CAP- III (Madeira, Mauritania, 1978), CANCAP-V (Azores, 1981), and CANCAP-VII (Cape Verde, 1986), and TYRO Mauritania-II (1988). Expeditions organized and material deposited in the National Natural History Museum (Rijksmuseum) Leiden. Expedition ANTARKTIS-XXIII/2 organized by the Alfred-Wegener-Institut fur Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven: Pelagic samples taken in the S. Atlantic and Antarctic during southern summer 2005/06 with the vessel PES Polarstem, leg. Ute Miihlenhardt- Siegel. Material at the Zoological Museum Hamburg. Expeditions Kana Koeki, Norpax Equat. Himb. (tropical Pacific, 1977-1979), Dominator Cruise 021 (tropical Pacific, 1982), and Sargasso Eel & Maine, Cruise 83 (N.W. Atlantic, 1983). Material determined for the Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center. Cruise 113 by FS "Poseidon" (off Portugal, 1984). Material at the Senckenberg Museum, Frankftirt am Main; coll. n° 39206-39212. 64 RESULTS Order Lophogastrida G.O. Sars, 1870 Family Eucopiidae G.O. Sars, 1885 Eucopia australis Dana, 1852 Eiicopia australis Dana [13]: 609-611, PI. 40 (lOa-m): Caiman [5]: 15: Illig [35]: 404-405: Nouvel [45]: 26-27, PI. 1(17-19); Tattersall [60]: 48-49, Fig. 4C-D; Wittmann [70]: 130, Fig. 257; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Haroun & Garrido [30]; Wittmann et al. [71]; Fukuoka [23]: 407-408; Price £^r^//. [52]. Material studied: S. Atlantic and Antarctic (all samples from expedition ANTARKTIS-XXIII/2): 1 1 spec, N of Bouvet Island, sta. 30-1, combined rectangular midwater trawls (RMT 1 and RMT 8), tow from 51.01 17S 6.1283E to 51.1783S 6.3800E, 3.130-1,000 m, bottom 3,738 m, 25 Nov. 2005.- 2 spec, off Bouvet Island, sta. 34-1, RMT 8, tow from 55.0367S 2.98 1 7E to 54.9 150S 2.83 17E, 1,000-2.429 m, bottom 2.860 m. 26 Nov. 2005.- 6 spec, Lazarev Sea. sta. 93-5. combined RMT 1 and RMT 8. tow from64.9950S2.9867Wto64.8083S2.8300\V. 1.000-3.003 m. bottom 3.270 m. 23 Dec 2005.- 1 spec. Antarctic, NNW of Atka bay. sta. 127-1, RMT 8, tow from 69.4600S 8.9567W to 69.4083S 9.21 17W. 1,000 m, bottom 2,850 m. 2 Jan. 2006.- 2 F ad.. 1 M ad.. 1 F subad.. 3 imm.. 3 juv.. Antarctic. NNW of Atka bay, sta. 127-2. RMT 8. tow from 69.4083S 9.2183W to 69.2883S 9.6917W, 1,000-2,500 m, bot-tom 3.400 m. 2 Jan. 2006. Distribution.- Depth range: 600-6,000 m. Cosmopolitan, but not found in Arctic waters. Well known from Antarctic, S. Atlantic, and Indian Oceans according to Ortmann [47, 48], Hansen [27], Zimmer [76], and Illig [35]. These samples confirm previous records from the S. At-lantic and Antarctic. In addition, this species was recorded by Caiman [5] for deep waters SW off Ireland; by Nouvel [45] for the Azores, based on two juveniles only; and by Tattersall [60] for waters off Cape Verde Islands. Given in faunal lists by Haroun &. Garrido [30] for the Ca-naries and by Price et al. [52] for the Gulf of Mexico. Eucopia grimaldii H. Nouvel, 1942 Eucopia Grimaldii Nouvel [44]: 5-6, Figs. 5-8; [45]: 40-43. PI. II (36-40). Eucopia grimaldii - Tattersall & Tattersall [63]: 106-108. Fig. 11a; Tattersall [60]: 54-56. Fig. 5; [61]: 146; Casanova [7]: 20-22. 385. Fig. 6; Lagardere [37]: 812-813; Casanova £^/ ^/. [8^: 60-61, Figs. 2-3; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Hargreaves [29]: 12, Tabs. 2, 4-6; Haroun & Gar-rido [30]; Wittmann et al. [71]; Fukuoka [23]: 408-409; Price et al. [52]; San Vicente [53]. Eucopia grimaldi - Vereshchaka [65]: 118. Material studied: N.W. Atlantic- 2 F ad., body length 25.2-27.9 mm. 1 imm.. NW of Bemiuda. 32.41 7N 64. 983 W. 1.000-2.000 m. 13 Sept. 1989. leg. Teddy Tucker: Bemiuda Aquarium. Natural Histor\ Mu-seum and Zoo. Distribution.- Depth range: 300-3.000 m. Cosmopolitan, but not found in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans. Recorded by Nouvel [45] from Azores, Canaries, and off Brittany. Reported 65 by Tattersall & Tattersall [63] for waters offAzores and Madeira, and by Tattersall [60] for wa-ters off Cape Verde Islands. Eucopia major Hansen, 1910 Eucopia w^yor Hansen [26]: 21, PL I (4a-b); Illig [35]: 405; Nouvel [45]: 28-29, PI. I (20-25); Tattersall [62]: 33; Springer & Bullis [59]; Fumestin [24]: 1 8 1 ; Lagardere [37]: 812-813; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Haroun & Garrido [30]; Wittmann et al. [71]; San Vicente [53]. Material studied: Canary Islands.- 1 M ad., body length 66.8 mm, SW of Fuerteventura, Punta de Mor-rojable, 27.967N 14.200W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.68, ring-trawl, 1,700 m, bottom 1,810 m, 29 Aug. 1977, 22.20-00.55 hrs.- 1 F imm. 37. 1 mm, SW of El Hierro, off Punta de Orchilla, 27. 600N 1 8.267W, CAN-CAP- II, sta. 2.140, ring-trawl with weight, 2,000 m, bottom > 2,800 m, 9 Sept. 1977, 3.15-6.15 hrs. Distribution.- Depth range 1000-5000 m. Boreal to tropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Recorded by Nouvel [45] from Golfe de Gascogne, Canaries, and off the coast of Morocco. Indicated by Furnestin [24] with query for the Gulf of Lion (Mediter-ranean). The present resuhs confirm the previous records from the Canaries. Eucopia sculpticauda Faxon, 1893 Eucopia sculpticauda Faxon [21]: 218; [22]: 219-221, Pis. K (2, 2d), LIII (1-ld); Hansen [25]: 7, Fig. 4; Illig [35]: 400-403, Figs. 1-6; Fage [20]: 56-60, Figs. 40-42; Nouvel [45]: 22-26, PI. I (14-16); Tattersall & Tattersall [63]: 109-112, Figs. 12-13; Tattersall [60]: 52- 54; [61]: 146; Casanova [7]: 300-302, 387-389, Fig. 86, Tab. 52; Lagardere [37]: 813- 814; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Haroun & Garrido [30]; Wittmann et al [71]: 1262, Tab. I; Price era/. [52]. Eucopia intermedia Hansen [25]: 5-7, Figs. 2-3. Material studied: Madeira.- 1 F ad., body length 42.8 mm, S of Porto Santo, 32.883N 16.367W, CAN-CAP- III, sta. 3.021, ring-trawl with weight, wire 2,500 m, bottom 2,580-3,220 m, 16 Oct. 1978.- 1 imm. 29.6 mm, S of Madeira, 32.500N 16.817W, CANCAP-I, sta. 116, ring trawl, wire 500 m, bottom 2,320- 2,420 m, 18 Mar. 1976.- 1 M ad. 40.3 mm, S of Madeira, 32.367N 16.917W, CANCAP-III, sta. 3.046, ring-trawl with stone, wire 2,000 m, bottom 3,160-3,200 m, 19 Oct. 1978.- 1 F ad. 47.1 mm, SE of Madeira, 32.450N 16.883W, CANCAP-I, sta. 1.105, ring-trawl, wire 1250 m, bottom 2,500-2,650 m, 17 Mar. 1976.- 1 F ad. 42.8 mm, S of Porto Santo, 32.883N 16.367W, CANCAP-III, sta. 3.021, ring-trawl with weight, wire 2,500 m, bottom 2,580-3,220 m, 16 Oct. 1978. Morocco.- 1 M ad. 40.0 mm, W of Cape Yubi, 28.017N 13.367W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.52, ring-trawl with weight, 400 m, bottom 570 m, 00.30-01.40 hrs, 28 Aug. 1977. Canary Islands.- 1 imm. 12.5 mm, SW of Fuerteventura, Punta de Morrojable, 27.967N 14.200W, CAN-CAP- II, sta. 2.68, ring-trawl, 1,700 m, bottom 1,810 m, 22.20-00.55 hrs, 29 Aug. 1977.- 1 juv. 11.3 mm, sampling data as before, 8 Sept. 1994.- 1 F ad. 48.0 mm, SW of El Hierro, off Punta de Orchilla, 27.667N 18.167W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.116, ring-trawl with weight, 1,000 m, bottom 2,500 m, 2.20-3.40 hrs, 5 Sept. 1977.- 2 F ad. 48.2-53.4 mm, 1 juv. with head missing, SW of El Hierro, off Punta de Orchilla, 27.600N 18.267W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.140, ring-trawl with weight, 2,000 m, bottom > 2,800 m, 3.15- 6.15 hrs, 8 Sept. 1977.- For additional materials see Wittmann et al. [71]. Mauritania.- 1 F ad. 50.0 mm in 2 parts, off Banc d'Arguin, 19.717N 17.500W, TYRO Maurita-nia- II, sta. MAU.104, 3.5 m Agassiz trawl in 1,500 m, 17 June 1988. 66 Cape Verde Islands.- 1 F ad. 56.8 mm. S of Santiago, 14.85N 23.25 W, CANCAP-VII, sta. 7.001, midwater trawl, 0-750 m, 1 8 Aug. 1 986.- 1 F ad. 32.2 mm, 2 M ad. 30.0-30.6 mm, S of Branco, 1 6.5 1 7N 24.81 7W, CANCAP-VII, sta. 7.148, midwater trawl. 0-1,100 m. 4/5 Sept. 1986. Tropical Pacific.- 1 F ad. 52 mm, tow from 4.0 17N 1 50.1 83W to 4.183N 150.216W, 1.100 m, Norpax Equat. Himb.. sta. 77-12-16, 1 1 Dec. 1977. Distribution.- Depth range: 400-6,000 m. Cosmopolitan, but not found in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans. Recorded by Illig [35] and Tattersall [60] for waters off Cape Verde Is-lands; by Page [20] and Nouvel [45] from Azores, Madeira, Canaries, and off the coasts all along western Africa, from waters near Iceland, Hebrides, off Mexico and the Cape of Good Hope. The present results fit well with this distributional scheme. Eiicopia ungiiiculata (Willemoes-Suhm, 1875) Chalaraspis imguiciilata Willemoes-Suhm [67]: 37-43, PI. VIII. Eiicopia imguiciilata - Colosi [11]: 2; Illig [35]: 403-405; Tattersall & Tattersall [63]: 101-106. Figs. 9-1 1; Tattersall [60]: 50-52, Fig. 4A-B; Springer & Bullis [59]; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Haroun & Garrido [30]; Nikoforos [40]; Wittmann et al. [71]: 1263. Tab. I; Price et al. [52]; San Vicente [53]. Eiicopia Hanseni Nouvel [44]: 3, Figs. 1-4; Fage [20]: 47-56, Fig. 36; Nouvel [45]: 30-40, PI. I (26-35). Eiicopia hanseni - Fumestin [24]: 181; Hoenigman [31]: 606-607, Fig. 3; Casanova [7]: 20- 38, 201, Figs. 5-8, 48, 53, 55, 58, 70; Lagardere & Nouvel [38]: 384; Lagardere [37]: 811- 812; Cartes & Sorbe [6]: 191, 194; Tabs. 1-2; San Vicente [53]. Material studied: N.W. Atlantic- 1 M ad., body length 27.7 mm, NW of Bemiuda, 32.41 7N 64.983W. 1000-2000 m, 13 Sept. 1989, leg. Teddy Tucker; Bermuda Aquarium, Natural History Museum and Zoo. Mediterranean.- 1 fragmented subad. ca. 20 mm, Levantine Sea, S of Crete, tow with trawl from 34.383N 26.033E to 34.383N 26.087E, 4 1 78-4390 m, FS. Meteor cmise 5. section 1 , sta. M5-22Ku. 1 8 Jan. 1987, leg. Senckenberg Institut Wilhelmshafen. Madeira.- 1 F ad. 24.0 mm, 2 F subad., 2 F num., S of Porto Santo, 32.883N 16.367W, CANCAP-III, sta. 3.021, ring-trawl with weight, wire 2,500 m, bottom 2,580-3,220 m, 16 Oct. 1978.- 6 imm. ju\., S of Porto Santo, 32.883N 16.400W, CANCAP-III, sta. 3.035, ring-trawl with weight, wire 1,000 m, bottom 3,024-3,196 m, 17 Oct. 1978.- 2 F imm. 21.5-25.1 mm, SE of Madeira, 32.583N 16.733W, CANCAP-1. sta. 1.035, ring-trawl, wire 1,250 m, bottom about 2,000 m, 10 Mar. 1976.- 1 imm. 13.1 mm. S of Madeira. 32.567N 16.850W, CANCAP-I, sta. 88, ring-trawl, wire 1,500 m, bottom 1,920-2,060 m, 16 Mar. 1976.- 1 M29.3mm, 1 imm., S of Madeira, 32.51 7N 16.883W, CANCAP-I, sta. 1.1 15, ring-trawl, wire 1,000 m, bottom 2,350-2.400 m, 18 Mar. 1976, 22.20-00.55 hrs.- 1 F subad. 27.7 mm. 1 M subad. 27.0 mm. S of Madeira, 32.5N 16.9W, CANCAP-I, sta. 89, ring-trawl, wire 2.000 m. bottom 2.200-2.370 m. 16 Mar. 1976.- 4 F ad. 25.3-28.8 mm, S of Madeira, 32.500N 16.817W, CANCAP-I, sta. 116, ring trawl, wire 500 m, bottom 2,320-2,420 m, 1 8 Mar. 1 976.- 1 M ad. 30.0 mm, 2 F ad. 27.6-28.5 mm, 1 F subad.. 1 imm.. SE of Madeira, 32.450N 16.883W, CANCAP-I, sta. 1.105, ring-trawl, wire 1,250 m, bottom 2,500-2,650 m. 17Mar. 1976.- 1 Fad. 25.1 mm, 8 F subad.,4 imm., 6juv., S of Madeira. 32.367N 1 6.91 7W, CANCAP-III, sta. 3.046, ring-trawl with stone, wire 2,000 m, bottom 3,160-3,200 m, 19 Oct. 1978. Selvagens Islands.- Samples listed in Wittmann et al. [71]. Morocco.- 7 imm. 15.3-20.4 mm. 10 juv.. W of Cape Yubi. 28.033N 13.450W, CANCAP-II. sta. 2.42, ring-trawl with weight, 750 m, bottom 1.000 m, 27 Aug. 1977, 03.50-05.30 hrs.- 3 F ad. 20.0-26.2 mm, 1 Mad. 21.3 mm, 1 F subad., 2 imm., W of Cape Yubi, 28.01 7N 13.367W, CANCAP-II. sta. 2.52. ring-trawl with weight, 400 m, bottom 570 m, 28 Aus. 1977. 00.30-01.40 hrs. 67 Canary Islands.- 1 F ad. 28.7 mm, 2 M ad. 27.2-31.1 mm, SW of Fuerteventura, Punta de Mor-rojable, 27.967N 14.200W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.68, ring-trawl, 1,700 m, bottom 1,810 m, 29 Aug. 1977, 22.20-00.55 hrs.- 1 F ad. 28.6 mm, S of Fuerteventura, Punta Jandia, 27.783N 14.400W, CAN-CAP- II, sta. 2.06, abyssal plain at 2,050 m depth, 2.4 m Agassiz trawl, 23 Aug. 1977.- 1 M ad. 30. 1 mm, 5 F ad. 25.5-31.2 mm, 1 F subad., 2 imm., 2 juv., SW of El Hierro, off Punta de Orchilla, 27.600N 18.267W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.140, ring-trawl with weight, 2,000 m, bottom > 2,800 m, 8 Sept. 1977, 3.15-6.15 hrs.- 1 F imm. 25.6 mm, 1 imm. 25.5 mm, SW of El Hierro, off Punta de Or-chilla, 27. 550N 18.167W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.151, ring-trawl with weight, 2,500 m, bottom 3,000 m, 10 Sept. 1977, 2.15-6.00 hrs.- 1 M ad. 26.2 mm, SW of El Hierro, off Punta de Orchilla, 27. 350N 18.0I7W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.164, ring-trawl, 0-2,000 m, bottom 2,700 m, 10 Sept. 1977, 21.14-00.45 hrs. Mauritania.- Fragments of 1 F ad. and 1 F subad., off Mauritania, 18.850N 1 6.933W, TYRO Mau-ritania- II, sta. MAU.041, 3.5 m Agassiz trawl, 800-840 m, 10 June 1988. Cape Verde Islands.- 1 F ad. 27.6 mm, 1 F imm., S of Branco, 16.517N 24.817W, CANCAP-VII, sta. 7.148, midwater trawl, 0-1,100 m, 4/5 Sept. 1986.- 2 F ad. 25.0-28.2 mm, N of Ilheu Grande, 15.133N 24.583W, CANCAP-VII, sta. 7.035, midwater trawl, 0-2,000 m, 23/24 Aug. 1986.- 1 M ad. 32.8 mm, 4 F subad. 26.2-29.3 mm, S of Santiago, 14.85N 23.25W, CANCAP-VII, sta. 7.001, midwater trawl, 0-750 m, 18 Aug. 1986. S. Atlantic- 3 spec, N of Bouvet Island, ANTARKTIS-XXIII/2, sta. 30-1, combined rectangular midwater trawls (RMT 1 and RMT 8), tow from 5 1.0 11 7S 6.1283E to 5 1.1 783 S 6.3800E, 1,000-3,130 m, bottom 3,738 m, 25 Nov. 2005. Distribution.- Depth range: 100-6,500 m. Mostly in tropical to temperate waters of the Pa-cific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans, also in boreal and subarctic waters; absent in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans. Recorded by Colosi [10, 11] from the Bosporus (Mamiora Sea) and the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean), and by Illig [35] from waters off Madeira, Mauritania, and Senegal. Reported by Fage [20] and Nouvel [45] as E. Hanseni from many stations in the E. Atlantic between 37°S and 48°N, including Azores, Madeira, Canaries, and waters off the coast of Morocco; and from inany stations in the W. Mediterranean between Gibraltar and Sardinia. Reported by Tattersall [60] as E. unguiculata for waters off Cape Verde Islands. The present results confirm previous records from the Atlantic. Fam. Gnathophausiidae Udrescu, 1984 Gnathophausia gracilis Willemoes-Suhm, 1875 Gnathophausia gracilis W\\\QmoQS-S\x\m\ [67]: 33-37, PL IX (1-15); Illig [35]: 409-410, Figs. 15-17; Fage [19]: 27-34, Figs. 27-30; Vereshchaka [65]: 118; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Haroun & Garrido [30]; Wittmann et al. [71]; Price ct al [52]. Gnathophausia gracilis var. brevispinis Wood-Mason & Alcock [74]: 188. Gnathophausia brevispinis - Wood-Mason & Alcock [75]: 269; Faxon [22]: 216-218, 257-258, 262, PL J. Gnathophausia dentata Faxon [21]: 217. Gnathophausia bidentata Illig [34]: 229-230, Fig. 2. Material studied: Canary Islands.- 1 M ad., body length 69.8 mm, SW of El Hierro. off Punta de Or-chilla, 27.600N 18.267W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.140, ring-trawl with weight, 2,000 m. bottom > 2,800 m, 8 Sept. 1977, 3.15-6.15 hrs. 68 Cape Verde Islands.- 2 imm. 76.8-79.3 mm. 1 juv.. N of Ilheu Grande. 15.133N 24.583W, CAN-CAP- VII, sta. 7.035, midwater trawl, 0-2,000 m, 23/24 Aug. 1986. N-Pacific (all samples by Norpax Equat. Himb.).- 2 F subad. 46-57 mm; 1 M ad. 68 mm, tow from 4.0 17N 150.183W to 4.183N 150.216W. 1.100 m, sta. 77-12-16. 11 Dec. 1977.- 1 F subad. 50 mm, tow from 13.5N 150.0Wto 13.317N 150.000\V. 950 m. sta. 78-1-2. 7 Jan. 1978.- 2 F subad. 56-66 mm, 1 M subad. 48 mm, 2 JUV.. tow from 20.0 17N 150.200Wto 19.967N 1 50.383 W, 900 m. sta. 77-1 2- 34, 17 Dec. 1977.- 2 juv. 39-44 mm. tow tVom 21.33N 1 58.33W to 21.35N 1 58.50W. 1.100 m. sta. 78- 05-6, 2 May 1978. Distribution.- Depth range: 900-5,000 m. Circumtropical, so far not recorded from boreal to arc-tic waters. Reported by Fage [19] from (sub)tropical waters of all oceans, including waters off the Canary and Cape Verde Islands. The present results tit well w ith this distributional scheme. Gnathophaiisia zoea W illemoes-Suhm, 1873 Gnathophaiisia zoea WiUemoes-Suhm [66]: 401: [67]: 32-33, 37, PI. X (4): lUig [35]: 408- 409, Figs. 13-14: Nouvel [45]: 15-19, PI. 1(12), Tab. I; Tattersall & TattersalU63]: 82-88, Figs. 3-^5. Gnathophaiisia ^villemoesii Sars [56]: 38, PI. V (1-6); Faxon [22]: 215, PI. K (1). Gnathophaiisia zoea var. sarsi Wood-Mason & Alcock [74]: 187. Gnathophaiisia cristata lUig [34]: 319-321, Figs. A-B. Gnathophaiisia zoea - Fage [19]: 34-39, Figs. 31-36: Lagardere & Nouvel [38]: 377-382, Figs. 1-10: Lagardere [37]: 810; Vereshchaka [65]: 118; Escobar-Briones & Soto [17]; Diirr [15]; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Duir & Gonzalez [16]; Haroun & Garrido [30]; Wittmann et al. [71]: 1261; Price et al [52]; San Vicente [53]. Material studied: N.E. Atlantic off Portugal (all samples from FS "Poseidon" cruises).- 1 F ad., body length 54.4 mm, 41.155N9.333\V. sta. Pos 113-9kul 1002. 800-900 m. 20 Nov. 1984.- 1 M ad. 42.9 mm. 40.120N9.838W, sta. Pos 113-11 ZD 1010. 1.160-1.340 m. 21 Nov. 1984.- 1 M ad. 44.9 mm, 39.21 7N 10.360W, sta. Pos 113-16 ZD 1017, 1,380-1,450 m, 22 Nov. 1984.- 2 imm. 24.9-35.8 mm. 39.217N 1 0.2 1 OW, sta. Po- 1 1 3 1 1 7 ZD, 740-920 m, 22 Nov. 1 984. Canary Islands.- 2 spec. 31.7-35.2 mm, SW of Fuerteventura. Punta de Morrojable. 27.967N 14.200W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.68, ring-trawl, 1,700 m, bottom 1,810 m, 29 Aug. 1977, 22.20-00.55 hrs.- 1 spec. ca. 47 mm, SW of El Hierro, off Punta de Orchilla, 27.65N 18.20W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.123, ring-trawl with weight. 1.500 m. bottom > 2.000 m. 2.25-4.50 hrs. 6 Sept. 1977.- 1 F subad. ca. 48.9 mm. SW of El Hierro. off Punta de Orchilla. 27.667N 18.167W. CANCAP-II. sta. 2.130. 1.2 m Agassiz trawl. 1,500-1,800 m, 8 Sept. 1977. Mauritania.- 3 F ad. 57.7-62.3 mm. 2 M ad. 52.5-56.7 mm. 1 imm., off Mauritania. 20.367N 17.900W. CANCAP-III, sta. 3. 119, 5 m beam trawl, 1,000 m, 28 Oct. 1978.- 1 M ad. 58.4 mm. 1 F subad. 57.5 mm, 3 imm.. off Banc d'Arguin. 19.717N 17.500\V. TYRO Mauritania-ll. sta. MAU.104. 3.5 m Agassiz trawl in 1,500 m, 17 June 1988.- 2 F ad. 62.3-63.8 mm, 4 M ad. 53.2-64.9 mm, 4 subad., 5 imm.. off Mauritania, 19.150N 16.867W, TYRO Mauritania-II, sta. MAU.062, 2.4 m Agassiz trawl, 800-1,200 m. steep slope. 12 June 1988.- 3 F ad. 49.6-59.7 mm. 2 M ad. 58.4-60.0 mm, 1 M subad.. 4 imm.. 2 juv.. otTMauritania, 19.050N 16.967W. TYRO Mauritania-II. sta. MAU.042. 3.5 m Agassiz trawl in 820-990 m, 10 June 1988.- 1 Fad. 48.5 mm, 4 M ad. 51.1-64.0 mm, 6 F subad., off Mauritania, 18.850N 16.933W. TYRO Mauritania-II. sta. MAU.041, 3.5 m Agassiz trawl in 800-840 m. 10 June 1988. Cape Verde Islands.- 1 spec. ca. 47 mm in 2 parts. N of Ilheu Grande, 16.567N 24.683 W, CAN-CAP- VIl. sta. 7.147. 1.2 m Agassiz trawl in 1,500-1.627 m. 4 Sept. 1986.- 1 F imm. ca. 51 mm. SE of Sao Nicolau, off Preguica, 16.533N 24.233W, CANCAP-VII. sta. 7.137, 1.2 m Agassiz trawl in 715 m, 69 3 Sept. 1986.- 1 spec. 26.8 mm, S of Santiago, Pta Temerosa, 14.883N 23.533W, CANCAP-VII, sta. 7.023, 1 .2 m Agassiz trawl in 525 m, 22 Aug. 1 986. N. Pacific (all samples by Norpax Equat. Himb.).- 1 M ad. 103 mm, 2 M imm., 2 juv., tow from 21.33N 158.33Wto21.35N 158.50W, 1,200 m, sta. 78-05-5, 2 May 1978.- 4 juv. 62-73 mm, tow from 21.33N 158.33Wto21.35N 158.50W, 1,100 m, sta. 78-05-6, 2 May 1978.- 1 Fad. 113 mm, 1 F imm., towfrom21.33N 158.33W to 21.50N 158.50W, 1,100 m, sta. 77-11-5, 1 Nov. 1977. Distribution.- Depth range: 400-6,000 m. Cosmopolitan, mainly (sub)tropical, also in boreal to subarctic waters, but not in the Arctic Ocean. Recorded by Fage [19] and Nouvel [45] from the Azores. Cited by Nouvel [45] for Atlantic waters between Greenland and the Cape of Good Hope. First record for the Canaries by Wittmann et al. [71]. Cited by San Vicente [53] for the Mediterranean. The present results fit well with the previously known distribution. Neognathophausia gigas Willemoes-Suhm, 1873 Gnathophausia gigas Willemoes-Suhm [66]: 400; [67]: 28-31, 37, Pis. IX (16-17), X (2-3); Fage [19]: 24-27, Fig. 26; Nouvel [45]: 12-15, PI. I (5-11); Tattersall & Tattersall [63]: 77-82, Figs. 1-2; Lagardere [37]: 810. Gnathophausia drepanephora Hoh & Tattersall [32]: 113, 142, Fig. I, PI. XVIII; Ortmann [48]: 38; Illig 1930:408. Neognathophausia gigas - Petryashev [49]: 47-48, PI. 1 (1-5); [50]: 959, 968-969, Fig. 2; [51]: Tab. 2; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Haroun & Garrido [30]; Wittmann et al. [71]: 1261, Tab. I; Fukuoka [23]: 405-406. Material studied: N. Pacific- 1 F subad., body length 107 mm, 1 M subad. 99 mm, 4 F imm., 3 juv., Bering Sea, 53.227N 163.838W, Dominator Cruise 021, sta. 75, midwater trawl, 681 m, 1 Aug. 1982.- 1 juv. 52 mm, tow from 21.33N 1 58.33W to 21.35N 158.50W, 1,100 m, Norpax Equat. Himb., sta. 78- 05-6, 2 May 1978. Distribution.- Depth range: 300-4,000 m. Cosmopolitan, but not found in the Arctic Ocean. Recorded by Fage [19] for temperate to tropical waters of the Pacific and the N. Atlantic, in-cluding the Cape Verde Islands; by Nouvel [45] from the Azores, Brittany, and Gibraltar; by Haroun & Garrido [30] for the Canaries. The E. Atlantic distribution ranges from Ireland to Dakar according to Nouvel [45]. Neognathophausia ingens (Dohrn, 1870) Lophogaster ingens Dohrn [14]: 610, PL 31 (12-14). Gnathophausia ingens - Sars [56]: 30, PI. II; Illig [35]: 407-408, Figs. 11-12; Fage [19]; 15- 24, Figs. 20, 24-25; Nouvel [45]: 9-12, PI. I (4); Tattersall [60]: 31-35; Casanova [7]: 328- 330; Escobar-Briones & Soto [17]: Tab. 1. Gnathophausia calcarata Sars [56]: 35, PI. IV; Ortmann [48]: 30, PI. I (2a-f). Gnathophausia bengalensis Wood-Mason & Alcock [75]: 269. Gnathophausia doiyphora Illig [34]: 227, Fig. 1 A-D. Neognathophausia ingens - Petryashev [49]: 47-48; [50]: 959, 968-969, Fig. 3; [51]: Tab. 2; Diirr [15]; Wittmann & Wirtz [73]; Diirr & Gonzalez [16]; Haroun & Garrido [30]: Wittmann e? fl/. [71]: 1261, Tab. I. 70 Material studied: Madeira.- 1 ju\., body length 36.8 mm, SE of Madeira, 32.583N 16.733\V. CANC.'VP-I, sta. 1.035, ring-trawl, wire 1,250 m, bottom about 2,000 m, 10 Mar. 1976. Canary Islands.- Samples listed in Wittmann et al. [71]. Cape Verde Islands.- 1 spec. 90.3 mm. S\V of Sal, 16.700N 23.683W, CANCAP-VII, sta. 7.1 14. 0-330 m, midwater trawl, 31 Aug. 1986.- 1 spec. 49.4 mm, S of Branco, 16.517N 24.8 17\V. CANCAP-VII. sta. 7.148. 0-1.100 m. midwater trawl. 4-5 Sept. 1986. Tropical Pacific (all samples by Norpa.x Equat. Himb.).- 2 M ad. 11 2- 122 mm. 2 F imm.. 4 juv., tow from 21.33N 1 58.33W to 21.50N 158.50W, 1.200 m, sta. 78-05-5, 2 May 1978.- 1 F subad.. tow from21.33N 158.33Wto2l.50N 158.50W, 310 m, sta. 77-1 1-2, 31 Oct. 1977.- 1 F imm. 84 mm, Ijuv., towfrom2l.33N 158.33Wto 21.50N 158.50W, 1,100 m, sta. 77-11-5, I Nov. 1977.- 3 juv. 36-40 mm, tow from 15.083N 1 50.1 83W to 15.217N 1 50.1 83 W. 295 m. sta. 77-12-30. 15 Dec. 1977.- I F subad. 88 mm. tow from 14.983N 153.000W to 15.083N 153.000W, 400 m, sta. 79-02-8. 19 Feb. 1978.- 3 juv. 38-54 mm. tow from 14.733N 157.983Wto 14.617N 1 57.983W, 330 m, sta. 79-5-3. 12 May 1979.- 1 F subad. 181 mm. tow from 9.850N 150.000W to 9.833N 150.017W, 1,500 m. sta. 79-2-1. 8 Feb. 1979.- 2juv. 58-72 mm. 0.867N 153.033W to 0.967N 153.033W. 360 m, sta. 79-5-12, 23 May 1979.- 2 juv. 58- 63 mm, tow from 1.367S 150.167\Vto 1.483S 1 50. 167\V. 290 m, sta. 77-12-10, 9 Dec. 1977.- 1 juv. 70 mm,towfrom3.067S 157.950Wto3.067S 1 57.833 W, 320 m. sta. 78-5-11. 20 May 1978.- 1 juv. 70 mm. tow from 6.967S 158.1 I7W to 6.833S 1 58.1 33W, 335 m, sta. 77-12-6. 6 Dec. 1977. Distribution.- Depth range: 200-4,000 m. Circumtropical, ranging from temperate to tropi-cal latitudes. Recorded by Page [19] from the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans, including waters off Azores. Madeira, Canary; and Cape Verde archipelagos, and off the continental coasts of Morocco and West Sahara. Recorded by Nou\ el [45] from the Azores, Canaries, and Gibraltar. Details for the Canaries in Wittmann et al. [71]. The present results fit well with the already know n distribution. Fam. Lophogastridae G.O. Sars. 1870 Chalaraspidiim alatiim (\\ illemoes-Suhm, 1876) Chalaraspis alata Willemoes-Suhm [68]: 592: Page [18]: 68-75. Figs. I-\TI: [19]: 4. Figs. 1-10. Chalaraspidiim alarum - Willemoes-Suhm [69]: 521; Tattersall [62]: 14-15: Tattersall [60]: 28- 30, Fig. 1; Springer & Bullis [59]; Haroun & Garrido [30]; Price et al. [52]. Eclytaspis alata - Faxon [22]: 219. Distribution.- Depth range: 1.000-3.000 m. Cosmopolitan, but so far not recorded from the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans. It was listed by Haroun & Garrido [30] for the fauna of the Ca-naries, by Springer & Bullis [59] and Price et al. [52] for the Gulf of Mexico. A damaged specimen of this genus was recorded without detemiination at species le\el by Zimmer [76] from the Azores. Lophogaster spinosits Ortmann, 1907 Lophogaster spinosus Ortmann [48]: 26-27. PI. I (la. b); Page [20]: 23-29. Pigs. 13-15, 16f 17g; Casanova [7]: 352. Pig. 82: Diirr [15]: Diirr & Gonzalez [16]: Wittmann et al. [71]: 1261-1262. Tab. I. 71 Material studied: Canary Islands.- Samples listed in Wittmann et al. [71]. NW-Atlantic- 1 F subad., body length 26 mm, 2 juv., tow from 24.772N 70.4 lOW to 24.745N 70.440W, Sargasso Eel & Maine, Cruise 83, sta. 1014, 280 m, 17 Feb. 1983.- 1 F subad. 24 mm, 2 juv., tow from 24.747N 70.385W to 24.7 18N 70.405W, Sargasso Eel & Maine, Cruise 83, sta. 1055; ALQ 1/16, 304 m, 24 Feb. 1983. Distribution.- Depth range: 200-5,000 m. According to Fage [20] restricted to tropical and subtropical waters of the W.- and E. Atlantic. The present results fit well with this distribu-tional scheme. Lophogaster typicus M. Sars, 1857 Lophogaster typicus Sars [57]: 160; [58]: 1-37, Tabs. I-III; Norman [42]: 459; [43]: 10; Colosi [10]: 6-7, Figs. 7, 7a; [11]: 2; lUig [35]: 405; Fage [20]: 7-13, figs. 2-4, 16b, 17b; Nouvel [45]: 7-8, PL I (1-3); Tattersall & Tattersall [62]: 90-97, Figs. 6-8; Tattersall [61]: 145; Hoenigman [31]: 605-606, Fig. 2; Lagardere & Nouvel [38]: 382-383; Katagan [36]: 288; Wittmann & Stagl [72]: 160; Diirr [15]; Diirr & Gonzalez [16]; Nikoforos [40]; Wittmann et al [71]: 1262, Tab. II; San Vicente [53]. Ctenomysis alata Norman [41]: 151. Lophogaster serratus Bjorck [4]: 6-8, Figs. 1-5. Material studied: Boreal to temperate N.E. Atlantic.- 3 F ad., body length 18.0-20.5 mm, 3 M ad. 17.7- 20.0 mm, Norway, HjelteQord, 61.583N 4.9 17E, 260 m, 4 July 1978, leg. Torleiv Brattegard.- 1 F ad. 24.4 mm, 1 Fad. with pleon missing, Norway, W of Stavanger 59.11 2N 3.083E, 153-156 m, 7 Aug. 1984, Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main.- 1 F ad. 18.7 mm, 4 M ad. 18.2-23.5 mm, 1 F subad., off Por-tugal, 41.9217N 9.3167W, FS 'Toseidon", sta. Po-113-7 ZD2 999, 6 F ad. 25.5-32.1 mm, 4 M ad. 25.5-27.1 mm, 3 juv., off N-Portugal, 41.917N 9.333 W, FS "Poseidon", sta. Pos 113-7 ZDl 998, 175-184 m, 18 Nov. 1984.- For sample off Ireland see Wittmann & Stagl [72]. Azores.- 1 F ad. 21.8 mm, S of Sao Miguel, 37.650N 25.517W, CANCAP-V, sta. 5.012, van Veen grab in 480 m, 26 May 1981. Mediterranean.- 1 F ad. 17.5 mm, Adriatic Sea, off Zirje, 43.5847N 15.6333E, Ockelmann epibenthic sledge in 199 m, mud, 12 Sept. 1971, leg. Peter Cate.- 1 F ad. 15.8 mm, Adriatic Sea, E of Ancona, 42.4633N 17.1667E, Ockelmann epibenthic sledge in 400 m, 4 July 1973, leg. Peter Cate.- 1 Fad. 20.7 mm, Sardinia, Gulf of Cagliari, 539-560 m, 20 July 1984, 07:48-09:25 hrs.- 1 Fad.21.5mm, 1 Mimm., Sardinia, Gulf of Cagliari, 329-402 m, 20 July 1984, 16:00-1 7:30 hrs.- For sample off Messina see Wittmann & Stagl [72]. Canary Islands.- 1 M 23.8 mm, S of Fuerteventura, Punta Jandia, 28.050N 14.483W, CANCAP-II, sta. 2.03, van Veen grab in 140-200 m, 23 Aug. 1977, 22.20-00.55 hrs. Mauritania.- 3 M ad. 19.0-23.4 mm, off Mauritania, 18.833N 16.467W, TYRO Mauritania-II, sta. MAU.022, 1.2 m Agassiz trawl in 60-66 m, 8 June 1988. Distribution.- Mainly bentho-pelagic in 30-500 m. Fage [20] provided a number of records from the Mediterranean and concluded that this species may be restricted to the N.E. Atlantic and Mediterranean. According to Nouvel [45], it occurs in the E. Atlantic from Norway to Mauritania, throughout the Mediterranean Sea, and as far east as the Bosporus. In line with this, Tattersall & Tattersall [63] and Tattersall [61] argued that previous records from the Pacific may be attributed to other species and concluded that L. typicus may be restricted to the (N&S) E. Atlantic and Mediterranean. The present results fit well with this distributional scheme. 72 DISCUSSION Taxonomic notes The following discussions may help to reduce certain confusions and misunderstand-ings in the literature about lophogastrids: Status of £. hanseni Nouvel, 1942, versus Eucopia ungiiiciilata Willemoes-Suhm, 1875.- Willemoes-Suhm [67] described E. ungiiiciilata based on material of the "Challenger" expedition. Hansen [26] re-examined this material and concluded that it actually belongs to three different species, E. ungiiiciilata, E. australis, and E. sculpticaiida. Nouvel [44] noted much confusion about the identity of E. ungiiiciilata and proposed to suppress this taxon in favour of two new taxa, established by him in the same publication as E. hanseni and E. ghmaldii. According to the nomenclatorial code of that time, still valid today (ICZN [33]), he ought not to have suppressed but to have revised the taxon ungiiiciilata and to have described only one new species (probably E. grimaldii based on longer spines on the telson). Therefore we agree with Tattersall [60], who considered E. hanseni di]vin\ov synonym of £". ungiiiculata. Status of the genus Neognathophausia Petryashev, 1992, versus Gnathophausia Wille-moes- Suhm, 1873.- Page [19] established three morphologically distinct groups within the genus Gnathophausia: group I with G. ingens and G. gigas, group II w ith G. gracilis only, and group III with all remaining species of the genus. Later, Tattersall [60] essentially confirmed this grouping, but she argued that it would not be practical for taxonomic purposes. Based on the structure of antennal scale, maxillipeds, and abdominal pleura, Petryashev [49] defined a new genus, named Neognathophausia. to include all members of group I. Casanova et al. [8], however, rejected the definition of the new genus. Their conclusion was based on rRNA gene sequences and moiphological data, in their opinion pointing to a basal position of G. gracilis with respect to the t\\ o remaining groups. Howe\ er, they examined only one species per group, which appears quantitati\ely insufficient to estimate genetic distance between multi-species groups. Unless further evidence is presented, Neognathophausia may be maintained, as al-ready practiced (without detailed reasoning) by Wittmann et al. [71], Petryashev [50, 51], Fukuoka [23], and Anderson [2]. Doubtful Mediterranean records of Lophogaster afflnis Colosi, 1930.- This species is well known from the Red Sea and Indian Ocean (Colosi [12], Coifmann [9], Nouvel [46], Almeida Prado-Por [1]). Previous reports for the Mediterranean were found only in second-ary literature (Miiller [39], Nikoforos [40], San Vicente [53]). These later reports may be based merely on erroneous interpretation of a puzzling fonnulation by Page [20] on p. 20: "Mais il existe, de I 'autre cote de la Mediterranee, dans la moitie septentrionale de la Mer Rouge, line forme decrite par Colosi (1929) sous le nome de L. affinis ... " to our translation "But on the other side of the Mediterranean, in the northern half of the Red Sea, there is a form described by Colosi (1929) under the name L. affinis ...". From this and additional data, we conclude that this species has so far never been found in the Mediterranean. Diversity and distribution of the Canarian lophogastrids Most species show a widespread geographical distribution, typical of oceanic, meso-to bathypelagic organisms. Tab. 1 compiles the so far known distribution of the di\'erse species in mostly subtropical waters of the N.E. Atlantic, for comparison also including the Gulf of Mexico. Ten out of the twelve species from the Canary Islands have a world-wide distribu-tion. The remaining tvvo species are endemic for the Atlantic Ocean, i.e. Lophogaster spinosiis 73 on both sides of the Atlantic, and L. typicus only in the E. Atlantic. A similar pattern is found in the Gulf of Mexico: nine out of the eleven species are cosmopolitan, only L. americamis and L. longirostris are endemic for the western Atlantic (species list compiled from Springer & Bullis [59], Escobar-Briones & Soto [17], and Price et al. [52]). The Canaries apparently represent the most species-rich area in the Atlantic due to high sampling intensity in combination with favourable natural conditions: comparably high plank-ton and micronekton densities representing good feeding grounds influenced by the Saharan upwelling along the African Atlantic coast, < 90 km from the Canary archipelago (Barton et al. [3]), and strong depth gradients allowing deep-water organisms to approach closely to the islands. Compared with the four N.E. Atlantic archipelagos considered in table 1 , fewer species are reported along the continental coasts of Morocco and Mauritania compared to the Canary Islands. The same pattern is found in the oligotrophic Mediterranean basin, characterized by a 'shallow' entrance through the Strait of Gibraltar and by warmer, more saline bottom water. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are indebted to the Viceconsejeria de Medioambiente del Gobiemo de Canarias for coordinating the BIOTA MARINO project and for supporting the bibliographic compila-tion of this crustacean group. REFERENCES [1] ALMEIDA PRADO-POR, M.S. 1980. Mysidacea from the Gulf of Elat (Gulf of 'Aqaba). Israel Journal ofZoology^, 29: 1 88- 1 9 1 [2] ANDERSON, G. 2010. Lophogastrida Classification, January 20, 2010. http://per-acarida. usm.edu/LophogastridaTaxa.pdf. 1-2. (Instant Web Publishing, USA) [21.1.2010]. [3] BARTON, E.D., J. ARISTEGUI, R TETT, M. CANTON, J. GARCIA-BRAUN, S. HERNANDEZ-LEON, L. NYKJAER, C. ALMEIDA, J, ALMUNIA, S. BALLES-TEROS, G. BASTERRETXEA, J. ESCANEZ, L. GARCIA-WEILL, A. HERNANDEZ-GUERRA, F. LOPEZ-LAATZEN, R. MOLINA, M.F. MONTERO, E. NAVARRO-PEREZ, J.M. RODRIGUEZ, K. VAN LENNING, H. VELEZ & K. WILD. 1998. The transition zone of the Canary Current upwelling region. Progress in Oceanog-raphy, 41:455-504. [4] BJORCK, W. 1916. Svenska krafdjur i Goteborgs Museum 1 . Schizopoda. Meddelanden frdn Goteborgs Musei zoolgiska Afdelning, 7: 1-17. [5] CALMAN, W.T. 1 896. On the deep-sea Crustacea from the southwest of Ireland. Trans-actions ofthe Royal Irish Academy, 3 1 : 1-20, pis. I-II. [6] CARTES, J.E. & J.C. SORBE. 1995. Deep-water mysids of the Catalan Sea: species composition, bathymetric and near-bottom distribution. Journal of the Marine Biologi-cal Association ofthe United Kingdom, 75(1): 187-197. [7] CASANOVA J. -P. 1977. Lafaune pelagique profonde (zooplancton et micronecton) de la province atlanto-mediterraneenne. Aspects taxonomique, biologique et zoogeo-graphique. These, Universite de Provence (Aix - Marseille I): i-ix, 1-500. 74 [8] CASANOVA, J. P., L. DE JONG & E. FAURE. 1998. Interrelationships ot the two fam-ilies constituting the Lophogastrida (Crustacea: Mysidacea) inferred from morphologi-cal and molecular data. Marine Biolog\\ 132( 1 ): 59-65. [9] COIFMANN, I. 1 937. 1 misidacei del Mar Rosso. Studio del materiale raccolto dal Prof. L. Sanzo durante la campagna idrografica della R. Na\e Ammiraglio Magnaghi ( 1923- 1924). Memohe del R. Comitate Talassografico Italiano, 233: 1-52, Pis. I-XXV. [10] COLOSI, G. 1922. Eufausiacei e Misidacei raccolti nella campagna del 1920. Memorie del R. Comitato Talassografico Italiano, 96: 1-12, Tab. 1. [11] COLOSI, G. 1929. I Misidacei del Golfo di Napoli. Puhhlicazioni della Stazione Zoo-logica di Napoli, 9(3): 405-439. [12] COLOSI, G. 1930. Lofogastridi nuovi. Bolletino di Zoologia, 1(4): 1 19-125. [13] DANA, J.D. 1852. Crustacea. Part I. In: United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1 838-1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. , 13: i-viii. 1-685. (C. Shemian, Philadelphia). [14] DOHRN, A. 1870. Untersuchungen iiber Bau und Entwicklung der Arthropoden. 10. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Malacostraken und ihrer Larven. Zeitschrift fiir %vis-senschaftliche Zoologie, 20: 607-625, 3 pis. [15] DURR, J. 1997. Nahrungsokologie von Beryx splendens und Benx decadactyius fOste-ichthyes, Betycidae) im Bereich der Kanarischen Inseln. In: Diplomarbeit an der Mathe-matisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultat: 1-85. (Christian-Albrechts-Universitat, Kiel). [16] DURR. J. & J. A. GONZALEZ. 2002. Feeding habits of Beiyx splendens and ^m.v decadactylus (Berycidae) off the Canary Islands. Fisheries Research, 54: 363-374. [17] ESCOBAR-PRIONES. E. & L.A. SOTO. 1991. Biogeografia de los Misidaceos (Crus-tacea: Peracarida) del Golfo de Mexico. Caribbean Journal ofScience, 27(1-2): 80-89. [18] FAGE, L. 1939. Apropos d'un mysidace bathypelagique peu connu: Chalaraspis alata G.O. Sars (Willemoes-Suhm in lit.). Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale, 80: 68-76. [19] FAGE, L. 1941. Mysidacea Lophogastrida - I. The Carlsberg Foundation's oceano-graphical expedition round the world 1928-1930 and previous Dana-expeditions under the leadership of Prof. Johannes Schmidt. Dana Reports, 4(19): 1-52. [20] FAGE, L. 1942. Mysidacea Lophogastrida - II. The Carlsberg Foundation's oceano-graphical expedition round the world 1928-1930 and previous Dana-expeditions under the leadership of Prof. Johannes Schmidt. Dana Reports, 4(23): 1-67. [21] FAXON, W. 1893. VI. Preliminary descriptions of new species of Crustacea. In: Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and the Gulf of California; in charge of Alexander Agassiz, car-ried on by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during 1 89 1 . Bulletin ofthe Mu-seum of Comparative Zoology- at Hanard College, 24 (7): 149-220. [22] FAXON, W. 1895. XV. The stalk-eyed Crustacea. In: Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during 1891. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 18: 1-292, 67 pis. [23] FUKUOKA. K. 2009. Deep-sea mysidaceans (Crustacea: Lophogastrida and Mysida) from the northwestern North Pacific off Japan, with descriptions of six new species. In: 75 Fujita, T. (ed.), Deep-sea fauna and pollutants off Pacific coast of northern Japan. A^a-tional Museum ofNature and Science Monographs, 39: 405-446. [24] FURNESTIN, M.-L. 1960. Zooplancton du Golfe du Lion et de la cote orientale de Corse. Revue des Travaux de I'lnstitut des Peches Maritimes, 24 (2): 153-252. [25] HANSEN, H.J. 1905. Preliminary report on the Schizopoda collected by H.S.H. Prince Albert of Monaco during the cruise of the Princesse-Alice in the year 1901. Bulletin du Musee Oceanographique de Monaco, 30: 1-32. [26] HANSEN, H.J. 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga Expeditie, Monographic, 37: 1-123, pis. 1-16. (Leyden). [27] HANSEN, H.J. 1913. Report on the Crustacea Schizopoda collected by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903, under the charge of Baron Dr. Otto Nordenskjold: 1-56. (G.E.C. Gad, Copenhagen). [28] HANSEN, H.J. 1927. Sergestides et Schizopodes. In: Expedition scientifique du "Tra-vailleur" et du "Talisman" 1880-3: 1-26, pi. I. (G. Mason, Paris). [29] HARGREAVES, RM. 1999. The vertical distribution of micronektonic decapod and mysid crustaceans across the Goban Spur of the Porcupine Seabight. Sarsia, 84: 1-18. [30] HAROUN, R. & M.J. GARRIDO. 2003. Orden Mysidacea. R 68, 69 in: L. Moro, J.L. Martin, M.J. Garrido & I. Izquierdo (eds.), Lista de especies marinas de Canarias (algas, hongos, plantas y animales) 2003: 248 pp. (Consejeria de Politica Territorial y Medio Ambient, Tenerife). [31] HOENIGMAN, J. 1963. Mysidacea de Texpedition Hvar (1948-49) dans I'Adriatique. Rapportes de la Commission internationale pour I'Exploration scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, 17: 603-616. [32] HOLT, E.W.L. & W.M. TATTERSALL. 1905. Schizopodous Crustacea from the north-east Atlantic slope. Scientific Investigations. Fisheries Branch, Department ofAgricul-ture for Ireland, Dublin - Annual Report, 1902-1903, pt. II, app. IV: 99-152, pis. xv-xxv. [33] ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature), 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4^'' edition: 1-306. (International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London). Also available at http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp [34] ILLIG, G. 1906. 4. Ein weiterer Bericht iiber die Schizopoden der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition 1898-1899. II. Gnathophausien (Fortsetzung). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 30(10): 319-322. [35] ILLIG, G. 1930. Die Schizopoden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. In: C. Chun (ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer „Val-divia" 1898-1899, 22(6): 397-620. [36] KATAGAN, T. 1985. Mysidaces et cumaces des cotes egeennes de Turquie. Rapportes et proces-verbaux des Reunions de la Commission internationale pour I Exploration sci-entifique de la Mer Mediterranee, 29(5): 287-288. [37] LAGARDERE, J.P. 1983. Les mysidaces de la plaine abyssale du Golfe de Gascogne 1. Families des Lophogastridae, Eucopiidae et Petalophthalmidae. Bulletin du Museum na-tional d'Histoire naturelle, 4^""' serie, section A (Zoologie, Biologic, Ecologie animale), 5(3): 809-843. [38] LAGARDERE, J.R & H. NOUVEL. 1980. Les Mysidaces du talus continental du golfe de Gascogne. II. Families des Lophogastridae, Eucopiidae et Mysidae (tribu des Ery- 76 thropini exceptee). Bulletin dii Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. 4''""'' serie, section A (Zoologie, Biologie, Ecologie animate), 2(2): 375-412. [39] MULLER, H.-G. 1993. World catalogue and bibliography of the recent Mysidacea. 1- 491. (Wissenschaftlicher Verlag H.-G. Muller, Wetzlar). [40] NIKOFOROS, G. 2002. Fauna del Mcditcrraneo. 1-366. (Giunti, Firenze). [41] NORMAN, A.M. 1862. On the Crustacea, Echinodermata, and zoophytes obtained in deep-sea dredging off the Shetland Isles in 1861. Reports of the British Association for the Advancement ofScience, 3 1 ( 1 86 1 ): 151-152. [42] NORMAN, A.M. 1892. British Schizopoda of the families Lophogastridae and Eu-phausiidae. Annals and Magazine ofnatural History?, Sen VI, vol. 9: 454-464. [43] NORMAN, A.M. 1905. Museum Normanianum, or a catalogue of the Invertebrata of the Arctic and north Atlantic temperate ocean and Palaearctic region. III. Crustacea. 2"*^ ed.: i-vi, 1-47. (Thos. Caldcleugh & Son. Printers. Durham). [44] NOUVEL, H. 1942. Sur la systematique des especes du genre Eucopia Dana 1852 (Crust. Mysidacea). Bulletin de I'lnstitut Oceanographique, 818: 1-8. (Monaco). [45] NOUVEL, H. 1943. Mysidaces provenant des campagnes du Prince-Albert ler de Monaco. In : J. Richard (ed.), Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert ler Fasc. 105. 1-128, pis. I-V. (Imprimerie de Monaco). [46] NOUVEL, H. 1978. Mysidaces recoltes par S. Frontier a Nosy Be. VII. Lophogaster affinis Colosi et Mesopodopsis africana madagascariensis n. ssp. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse, 113(3-4): 396-403. [47] ORTMANN, A.E. 1906. Schizopods of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Al-batross in 1902. Bulletin ofthe United States Fish Commission, 23. pt. 3(1903): 961-973. [48] ORTMANN, A.E. 1907. Schizopod crustaceans in the U.S. National Museum. The fam-ilies Lophogastridae and Eucopiidae. Proceedings of the United States National Mu-seum, 31: 23-54, pis. 1, 11. [49] PETRYASHEV, VV 1992. Notes on mysid systematics (Crustacea, Mysidacea) of Arc-tic and the North-Westem Pacific. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal, 71(10): 47-58. [50] PETRYASHEV. VV. 2005. Mysids (Crustacea, Mysidacea) collected by Soviet and Russ-ian Antarctic expeditions. Lophogastrida, Petalophthalmida, and Mysida: Boreomysi-dae. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal, 84(8): 957-973. [51] PETRYASHEV, VV 2007. Biogeographical division of Antarctic and Subantarctic by Mysid (Crustacea: Mysidacea) fauna. Russian Journal ofmarine Biology, 33(1): 1-16. [52] PRICE, W.W., R.W. HEARD, R AAS & K. MELAND. 2009. Lophogastrida (Crustacea) ofthe GulfofMexico, 923-927 in D.L. Felder & D.K. Camp (eds.). Gulf of Mexico-Ori-gins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. (Texas A&M Press. College Station. Texas). [53] SAN VICENTE, C. 2010. Mysidaceans. In: M. Coll. C. Piroddi. .1. Steenbeek, K. Kaschner. F. Ben Rais Lasram. J. Aguzzi. E. Ballesteros. C.N. Bianchi et al. (eds.). Bio-diversity of the Mediterranean Sea: estimates, patterns & threats. PloS ONE, 5(8): el 1842: 254-275. [54] SARS. G.O. 1870. Carcinologiske Bidrag til Norges Fauna. I. Monographi over de ved Norges Kyster forekommende Mysider. Pt. 1. 1-64, 5 pis. (K. Norske Viidenskab. Trond-hjem, Christiania). [55] SARS. G.O. 1884. Preliminary notice on the Schizopoda of H. M.S. Challenger expedi-tion. Forhandlinger i Videnskahs-Selskahet, 7(1883): 1-43. (Christiania). 77 [56] SARS, G.O. 1 885. Report on the Schizopoda collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. In: G.S. Nartes (ed.), Report on the scientific results ofthe Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76, 13(37): 1-228, 38 pis. (Longmans & Co., London). [57] SARS, M. 1 857. Om 3 nye norske Krebsdyr. Forhandlinger ved det Skandinavske Naturf Mode i Christiania, 7: 160-175. [58] SARS, M. 1862. Beskrivelse over Lophogaster typicus, en maerkvaerdig form af de la-vere tifoddede krebsdyr. In: Universitetsprogram for andet Halvaar 1862, i-iv, 1-37, Tabs. I-III. (Det Kongl. Norske Universitet, Christiania). [59] SPRINGER, S. & H.R. BULLIS, Jr. 1956. Collections by the Oregon in the Gulf of Mex-ico. List of crustaceans, molluscs and fishes identified from the collections made by the exploratory fishing vessel Oregon in the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent seas 1950 through 1955. Special Scientific Report: Fisheries, 196: 1-134. (United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D. C). [60] TATTERSALL, O.S. \955.MysidacQSL. Discoveiy Reports, 2S: 1-190. [61] TATTERSALL, O.S. 1961. Mysidacea from the coasts of tropical West Africa. Atlantide Report, 6: 143-159. [62] TATTERSALL, W.M. 1951. A review of the Mysidacea of the United States National Museum. Bulletin ofthe United States National Museum, 201: 1-292. [63] TATTERSALL, W.M. & O.S. TATTERSALL. 1951. The British Mysidacea. Ray Soci-ety, Monograph, no. 136: 1-460. (The Ray Society, London). [64] UDRESCU, A. 1984. Transspecific-evolution (family level) within Lophogastrida. A new family - Gnathophausiidae (Lophogastrida, Mysidacea). Travaux du Museum na-tional d'Histoire naturelle «Grigore Antipa», 25: 59-11 [65] VERESHCHAKA, A.L. 1990. Mysids from seamounts of Nasca and Sala-y-Gomez Ridges. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademija Nauk SSSR, 124: 118-128. [66] WILLEMOES-SUHM, R. von. 1873. Notes from the Challenger, VII. Nature, 8: 400-403. [67] WILLEMOES-SUHM R. von. 1875. II. On some Atlantic Crustacea from the Challenger expedition. Transactions oftheLinnean Society ofLondon, Zoology^, Ser. II, vol. 1(1): 23- 59, Pis. VI-XIII. [68] WILLEMOES-SUHM R. von. 1876. Preliminary report to Prof Wyville Thomson, on Crustacea observed during the cruise of H.M.S. Challenger in the southern seas. Pro-ceedings ofthe Royal Society ofLondon, 24: 585-592. [69] WILLEMOES-SUHM, R. von. 1895. In: J. Murray (ed.), A summary of the scientific re-sults obtained at the sounding, dredging, and trawling stations of H.M.S. Challenger. Re-port on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1872-76, 1: i-vii, 1-796. (Eyre and Spottiswoode, London). [70] WITTMANN, K.J. 1990. Mysidacea. In: J. Sieg & J.W. Wagele (eds.). Fauna der An-tarktis. Paul Parey, Berlin: 130-133. [71] WITTMANN, K.J., F. HERNANEZ, J. DURR, E. TEJERA, J.A. GONZALEZ & S. JIMENEZ. 2004. The epi- to bathypelagic Mysidacea (Peracarida) off the Selvagens, Canary, and Cape Verde Islands (NE Atlantic), with first description of the male of Lon-githoraxaliceiU. Nouvel, 1942. Crustaceana, 76(10): 1257-1280. [72] WITTMANN, K.J. & V. STAGE. 1996. Die Mysidaceen-Sammlung am Naturhis-torischen Museum in Wien: eine kritische Sichtung im Spiegel der Sammlungs-geschichte. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 98B: 157-191. 78 [73] WITTMANN, K.J. & P. WIRTZ. 1998. A first inventory of the mysid fauna (Crustacea: Mysidacea) in coastal waters of the Madeira and Canar\' archipelagos. Boletim do Miiseii Municipal do Funchal, (Sup.) 5: 5 11 -533. [74] WOOD-MASON, J. & A. ALCOCK. 1891a. Natural history- notes from H.M. Indian Marine Steamer In\estigator. Commander R.F. Hoskyn. R.N.. commanding. - No. 12. Note on the results of the last season's deep-sea dredging. Annals and Magazine of nat-ural Histoiy, sen 6, vol. 7: 186-202. [75] WOOD-MASON, J. & A. ALCOCK. 1891b. Natural history notes from H.M. Indian Marine Steamer Investigator. Commander R.F. Hoskyn, R.N., commanding. On the re-sults of deep-sea dredging during the season 1890-91. Annals and Magazine ofnatural History, ser. 6, vol. 8: 268-286. [76] ZIMMER, C. 1914. Die Schizopoden der deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. In: E. von Drygalski (ed.), Deutsche Siidpolar-Expedition 1901-1903, XJ'. Zoologie. 7: 377-445. Pis. XXIII-XXVI. 79 ODixaj^ jojino + + + + + ' + + ' + + + + ' 1 ' - eiue^unB]^ 1 ' + + • + ' + , 1 + un 03D0J0J\[ ' + + + + + ' ' ' + ' • • ^ UB3UBjaa;ip9i\[ + o- + + ' ' + ' ' ' 1 • ' + + SpUBIS] apjaA 9dB3 + + 1 + ' 1 + + + + 1 1 1 1 1 r- SpUBISI XJBUB3 + + + + + + + + + + 1 + ' + CnI BJiapBjxi - + + + + • 1 + + + • 1 • 1 1 r- S9J0ZV 4- + • + + + 1 + + + o- 1 ' 1 + o On ,^)UOi;nqujS!a u U u u U ^ u u u U U 1 s < < < 'o !^ to C3 bO O o £ a. 00 c« C Q 1 > o & 1 o c c •1 1 ON oo c oX 1 oo S s 1 r-oo 6 d •2 1 oo £ =5 :n o£ 1 •2 I 1 oo B c/p £ 1 -g r-- oo £ on on £ — Co .a •2 i- I oo B o Q 1 1 1 1 oo £ r 1 1 5 On 1 I oo coX CC 1 1 1 o ON c £ O 1 1 CN On c iI 1 tto 1 1 oo in Co 1 1 1 S "a, oo g. o cO a o a- 2 ^ ^^ U-l ^ (1) ^ > n t) X) 03 c C 03 > < 00 < • — O >. h r C g < o c -^ ^ o g -o 03 c t: ro Sii ex o c o ~ <1^ ~ 80 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
A |
|
B |
|
C |
|
E |
|
F |
|
M |
|
N |
|
P |
|
R |
|
T |
|
V |
|
X |
|
|
|